Answer / sudheer

GIS means gas insulated substations.
SF6 Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) are preferred for
voltage ratings
of 72.5 kV, 145 kV, 300 kV and 420 kV and above. In such a
substation,
the various equipments like Circuit Breakers, Bus-Bars.
Isolators,
Load Break Switches, Current Transformers, Voltage
Transformers
Earthing Switches, etc. are housed in metal enclosed
modules filled with SF6 gas.

The SF6 gas provides the phase to ground insulation. As the
dielectric strength
of SF6 gas provides the phase to ground insulation. As the
dielectric strength
of SF6 gas is higher than air, the clearances required are
smaller. Hence,
the overall size of each equipment and the complete
substation is reduced
to about 10 % of conventional Air-insulated substations.

As a rule GIS are installed indoor. However outdoor GIS
have also been installed earlier

Answer / umamahesh

GIS means Gas Insulated Substation or Switch yard.
There are two types of Substations in practical
1.Air Insulated S/s(AIS)
2.Gas Insulated S/s(GIS)

The major difference between the two is Space,Cost and
reliability

AIS is less economical than GIS.But AIS will take more
space than GIS.

In Maintanace point of view,GIS is very easy than AIS.

In modern power stations recommondations on GIS only.

Answer / asif

GIS means Gas Insulated sub-station. Where circuit breaker,
isolater,earth switch,current ternsformer, voltage
transformer are surrounded with sf6 gas in an enclosed
case. Though Its a costly arrengement but ia has some
facilities such as it requires less space, less maintanance
and easy operation. Most of the GIS substation indor
installed.

Answer / ravi singh

GIS electrical substation-GAS INSULATED SUBSTATION
IT comprises of chambers filled with inert gas (as filled
in SF -6 )of bus bars,switch gears GIS S/STN are of
66/132/220/440 KV levels thease are imported mfd by
renouned companies viz siemens/ABB etc
EHT cables directly terminates to gis S/Stn these are
unmanned operated maintenance free

Thease aer installed where there is constaints of the
space/land because of compact size this saves costly land

cost of the GIS is appx 2.5 times than convential s/satn
butsince usage is increasing therfore in comming time cost
to come down to the 15% more to AIS


Ravi Sing

Answer / purushotham

GIS sub station means GAS INSULATED SUB STATION in this the
entire i.e CB's earth switch, CT's and PT's all are
surounded with sf6 gas in eclosed and this is the very easy
to operate and easy to maintenance but cost is high but it
is very convient where the land cost is very high constrint.

Answer / aashish

Posted NOV 10 2010 by EDVARD in HIGH VOLTAGE, MEDIUM VOLTAGE with 5 COMMENTS
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A gas-insulated substation (GIS) uses a superior dielectric gas, SF6, at moderate pressure for phase-tophase and phase-to-ground insulation. The high voltage conductors, circuit breaker interrupters, switches, current transformers, and voltage transformers are in SF6 gas inside grounded metal enclosures. The atmospheric air insulation used in a conventional, air-insulated substation (AIS) requires meters of air insulation to do what SF6 can do in centimeters.

GIS can therefore be smaller than AIS by up to a factor of 10. A GIS is mostly used where space is expensive or not available. In a GIS the active parts are protected from the deterioration from exposure to atmospheric air, moisture, contamination, etc.

As a result, GIS is more reliable and requires less maintenance than AIS.



GIS was first developed in various countries between 1968 and 1972. After about 5 years of experience, the use rate increased to about 20% of new substations in countries where space is limited. In other countries with space easily available, the higher cost of GIS relative to AIS has limited use to special cases.

For example, in the U.S., only about 2% of new substations are GIS. International experience with GIS is described in a series of CIGRE papers (CIGRE, 1992; 1994; 1982).

The IEEE (IEEE Std. C37. 122-1993; IEEE Std C37. 122.1-1993) and the IEC (IEC, 1990) have standards covering all aspects of the design, testing, and use of GIS. For the new user, there is a CIGRE application guide (Katchinski et al., 1998). IEEE has a guide for specifications for GIS (IEEE Std. C37.123-1996).


SIEMENS GIS -Types 8DA10
Sulfur hexaflouride is an inert, nontoxic, colorless, odorless, tasteless, and nonflammable gas consisting of a sulfur atom surrounded by and tightly bonded to six flourine atoms. It is about five times as dense as air. SF6 is used in GIS at pressures from 400 to 600 kPa absolute. The pressure is chosen so that the SF6 will not condense into a liquid at the lowest temperatures the equipment experiences.

SF6 has two to three times the insulating ability of air at the same pressure. SF6 is about 100 times better than air for interrupting arcs. It is the universally used interrupting medium for high voltage circuit breakers, replacing the older mediums of oil and air. SF6 decomposes in the high temperature of an electric arc, but the decomposed gas recombines back into SF6 so well that it is not necessary to replenish the SF6 in GIS.
There are some reactive decomposition byproducts formed because of the trace presence of moisture, air, and other contaminants. The quantities formed are very small. Molecular sieve absorbants inside the GIS enclosure eliminate these reactive byproducts. SF6 is supplied in 50-kg gas cylinders in a liquid state at a pressure of about 6000 kPa for convenient storage and transport. Gas handling systems with filters, compressors, and vacuum pumps are commercially available. Best practices and the personnel safety aspects of SF6 gas handling are covered in international standards (IEC, 1995).


The SF6 in the equipment must be dry enough to avoid condensation of moisture as a liquid on the surfaces of the solid epoxy support insulators because liquid water on the surface can cause a dielectric breakdown. However, if the moisture condenses as ice, the breakdown voltage is not affected. So dew points in the gas in the equipment need to be below about –10°C. For additional margin, levels of less than 1000 ppmv of moisture are usually specified and easy to obtain with careful gas handling. Absorbants inside the GIS enclosure help keep the moisture level in the gas low, even though over time, moisture will evolve from the internal surfaces and out of the solid dielectric materials (IEEE Std. 1125-1993).

Small conducting particles of mm size significantly reduce the dielectric strength of SF6 gas. This effect becomes greater as the pressure is raised past about 600 kPa absolute (Cookson and Farish, 1973). The particles are moved by the electric field, possibly to the higher field regions inside the equipment or deposited along the surface of the solid epoxy support insulators, leading to dielectric breakdown at operating voltage levels. Cleanliness in assembly is therefore very important for GIS.

Fortunately, during the factory and field power frequency high voltage tests, contaminating particles can be detected as they move and cause small electric discharges (partial discharge) and acoustic signals, so they can be removed by opening the equipment. Some GIS equipment is provided with internal “particle traps” that capture the particles before they move to a location where they might cause breakdown. Most GIS assemblies are of a shape that provides some “natural” low electric field regions where particles can rest without causing problems.


SF6 is a strong greenhouse gas that could contribute to global warming. At an international treaty conference in Kyoto in 1997, SF6 was listed as one of the six greenhouse gases whose emissions should be reduced. SF6 is a very minor contributor to the total amount of greenhouse gases due to human activity, but it has a very long life in the atmosphere (half-life is estimated at 3200 years), so the effect of SF6 released to the atmosphere is effectively cumulative and permanent.

The major use of SF6 is in electrical power equipment.
Fortunately, in GIS the SF6 is contained and can be recycled. By following the present international guidelines for use of SF6 in electrical equipment (Mauthe et al., 1997), the contribution of SF6 to global warming can be kept to less than 0.1% over a 100-year horizon.

The emission rate from use in electrical equipment has been reduced over the last three years. Most of this effect has been due to simply adopting better handling and recycling practices. Standards now require GIS to leak less than 1% per year. The leakage rate is normally much lower. Field checks of GIS in service for many years indicate that the leak rate objective can be as low as 0.1% per year when GIS standards are revised.

Answer / sumit yogi

The GIS is also known as Gas Insulated Substation.

In gas insulated substation sf6 gas superior dielectric properties used at moderate pressure for phase to phase and phase to ground insulation.

It is enclosed in ground metallic housing.

It is compact and multi-component assembly.

In this sf6 gas is the primary insulating medium.

Various equipment's housed in metal enclosed modules filled with sf6 gas.

It is preferred for High Voltage ratings.

Answer / raghuveer

sf6 is sulpher fluoric acid

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