UNIT OPERATION - EXAMPLE 9.3 : In the distillation of binary systems by Mc Cabe Thiele method, the equation for the line of top section is given by y = [ R / (R + 1) ] x + XD / (R + 1). 2 points on the line are (0.99, 0.99) and (0, 0.36). Find the reflux ratio of R and XD.
UNIT OPERATION - ANSWER 9.3 : The slope is given by R / (R + 1) = (0.99 - 0.36) / 0.99 = 0.6363. Rearranging the equation gives R = 0.6363 / (1 - 0.6363) = 1.7495. Choose the point (0, 0.36) as reference, 0.36 = XD / (R + 1), XD = 0.36 (R + 1) = 0.36 (1.7495 + 1) = 0.9898. The answer is given by Kang Chuen Tat; PO Box 6263, Dandenong, Victoria VIC 3175, Australia; SMS +61405421706; chuentat@hotmail.com; http://kangchuentat.wordpress.com.
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UNIT OPERATION - EXAMPLE 9.4 : Acetone and ethanol are separated using a distillation column with a partial condenser and partial reboiler. An equimolar, sub-cooled liquid feed enters at 100 kmol / hr and condenses 1 mole of vapor for every 6 moles of feed. The separation requires a distillate vapor that is 95 mol % acetone and bottoms liquid that is 5 mol % acetone. The reflux is returned from the condenser to the column as a saturated liquid and the operation is run at (L / V) = 1.4 * (L / V) min. Assume constant overflow conditions. (a) Feed operating line is y = [ q / (q - 1) ] x - z / (q - 1) where z = 0.5 for equimolar liquid mixture of 2 components, q = (L'- L) / F where L' = L + F + (F / 6) for condensation of 1 mole of vapor / 6 moles of feed. What is y = f(x)? (b) The rectifying operating line is y = (L / V) x + (D / V) (xd) where (L / V) min goes through the points A (0.95, 0.95) and B (0.53, 0.69), V = L + D. What is y = f(x)? Let xd = 0.95. (L / V) min is the slope of the 2 points A and B.
Question 104 - In photoelectrical effect analysis of quantum chemistry, let E = kinetic energy of electron, p = intensity of UV light, f = frequency of UV light. According to Classical Theory, E = c for all values of f, E = mp. According to Quantum Theory, E = c for all values of p, E = mf + c. In a graph, m and c are constants where m is slope and c is y intercept. If m = 2 and c = 3 with similar value of E : (a) find the value of p according to Classical Theory; (b) find the value of f according to Quantum Theory.
QUANTUM CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 31.8 : (a) Acceptable wavefunction in quantum mechanics in the range of : negative infinity < x < positive infinity, vanishes at least at one boundary. Which of the following is the wavefunction or are the wavefunctions of acceptable theory : P = x, P = | x |, P = sin x, P = exp (-x), P = exp (-| x |)? State the reason. (b) Let linear momentum operator P = -ih d / dz. The wavefunction is S = exp (-ikz) where i x i = -1, k and h are constants. Find the linear momentum of such wavefunction by using the term P x S.
Question 72 - (a) According to United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list, accessed 12 August 2016), 100 g of potatoes generate 77 kcal of energy. For raw tomatoes, 111 g have 18 kcal of energy. Question : How much energy will one gain if 150 g of heated potatoes are eaten with 200 g of raw tomatoes? (b) If 1 Calorie = 1 food Calorie = 1 kilocalorie and 1000 calories = 1 food Calorie, then how many Calories are there in 9600 calories? (c) According to a food package of potato chips, 210 Calories are produced per serving size of 34 g. In actual experiment of food calorimetry lab, 1.75 g of potato chips, when burnt, will produce 9.6 Calories. For each serving size of potato chip, find the difference of Calories between the actual experimental value and the value stated on the food package. (d) The specific heat of water is c = 1 cal / (g.K) where cal is calory, g is gram and K is Kelvin. Then what is the temperature rise of water, in degree Celsius, when 150 g of water is heated by 9600 calories of burning food?
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Question 79 - (a) The American Petroleum Institute gravity, or API gravity, is a measure of how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is compared to water. Let SG = specific gravity of petroleum liquid, and V = barrels of crude oil per metric ton. Given the formula for API gravity = 141.5 / SG - 131.5 and V = (API gravity + 131.5) / (141.5 x 0.159), find the relationship of SG as a function of V. (b) An oil barrel is about 159 litres. If a cylinder with diameter d = 50 cm and height h = 50 cm is used to contain the oil, find the volume V of the cylinder in the unit of oil barrel by using the formula V = 3.142 x d x h x d / 4. (c) First reference : 1 cubic metre = 6.2898 oil barrels. Second reference : 1 cubic metre = 6.37 oil barrels. What are the 2 factors that cause the difference in such reference data?
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