UNIT OPERATION - EXAMPLE 9.3 : In the distillation of binary systems by Mc Cabe Thiele method, the equation for the line of top section is given by y = [ R / (R + 1) ] x + XD / (R + 1). 2 points on the line are (0.99, 0.99) and (0, 0.36). Find the reflux ratio of R and XD.
UNIT OPERATION - ANSWER 9.3 : The slope is given by R / (R + 1) = (0.99 - 0.36) / 0.99 = 0.6363. Rearranging the equation gives R = 0.6363 / (1 - 0.6363) = 1.7495. Choose the point (0, 0.36) as reference, 0.36 = XD / (R + 1), XD = 0.36 (R + 1) = 0.36 (1.7495 + 1) = 0.9898. The answer is given by Kang Chuen Tat; PO Box 6263, Dandenong, Victoria VIC 3175, Australia; SMS +61405421706; chuentat@hotmail.com; http://kangchuentat.wordpress.com.
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BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 14.3 : The kinetic behavior of an enzyme could be described using Michalis - Menten equation : Vo = Vmax [S] / (Km + [S]). Derive this equation from [ES] = [E]total [S] / (Km + [S]), Vmax = Kcat [E]total, Vo = Kcat [ES].
Question 30 – Solve the simultaneous equation using simple Excel program : r + s – t = 7, 2r – s = 0, 3r + 2t = 15. Explain the use of functions of MINVERSE and MMULT together with the keyboard C (Ctrl) + S (Shift) + E (Enter).
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING INSTRUMENTATION - EXAMPLE 29.2 : (a) In order to determine the slurry volume (L) in chromatography, arrange the formula using the following parameters : slurry concentration (%), slurry volume (L), settled chromatography medium volume (L), 100. (b) In order to determine the chromatography medium volume (L) in gel filtration chromatography, arrange the formula using the following parameters : sample volume to be processed (L), chromatography medium volume (L), sample volume in percent of total column volume (%), 100.
Question 44 - In a non-dilute absorber, graphical method is used to represent the process. In an X - Y coordinate system, X-axis represents mole of carbon dioxide / mole of water and Y axis represents mole of carbon dioxide / mole of nitrogen. The inlet gas stream consists of 8 mol % of carbon dioxide in nitrogen. (a) Find the S / G minimum as a slope that goes through the point (0, 0.0304) and (0.0000488, 0.086957). (b) Find the actual slope of operating line when it is 1.5 times the S / G minimum! (c) Find the value of x for inlet gas stream when y = 1640 x, y is mole fraction of carbon dioxide in nitrogen.
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QUANTUM CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 31.3 : In photoelectrical effect analysis of quantum chemistry, let E = kinetic energy of electron, p = intensity of UV light, f = frequency of UV light. According to Classical Theory, E = c for all values of f, E = mp. According to Quantum Theory, E = c for all values of p, E = mf + c. In a graph, m and c are constants where m is slope and c is y intercept. If m = 2 and c = 3 with similar value of E : (a) find the value of p according to Classical Theory; (b) find the value of f according to Quantum Theory.
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Question 100 - (a) Time evolution in Heisenberg picture, according to Ehrenfest theorem is m (d / dt) < r > = < p >, where m = mass, r = position, p = momentum of a particle. If v = velocity, prove that m < v > = < p >. (b) Lande g-factor is given by Gj = Gl [ J (J + 1) - S (S + 1) + L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ] + Gs [ J (J + 1) + S (S + 1) - L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ]. If Gl = 1 and under approximation of Gs = 2, prove by calculation that Gj = (3/2) + [ S (S + 1) - L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ].