QUANTUM BIOLOGY - EXAMPLE 33.5 : (a) In the measurement of the number of photons received by a plant during photosynthesis, quantum meter is used. At 8 AM, 11 AM, 12 PM, 2 PM and 4 PM of the same day, the measured readings of the meter are 10, 70, 60, 120 and 120 units. Find the mode, median and min of the readings of the quantum meter. (b) Microtubule is used to carry information in a cell. If the cross-sectional area of the microtubule has a diameter of 25 nanometers, find the volume of the microtubule of 1 nanometer in height. State the assumption of calculation.
QUANTUM BIOLOGY - ANSWER 33.5 : (a) Mode = 120 (2 readings, greater than others with 1 reading). Median = 70 (since 70 is the middle, when the values are rearranged orderly as 10, 60, 70, 120, 120). Min = (sum of readings) / (number of readings) = (10 + 70 + 60 + 120 + 120) / 5 = 380 / 5 = 76. (b) Assumption : Microtubule is a cylinder. Let V = 3.142 x h x d x d / 4 where V = volume, d = diameter, h = height. Then V = 3.142 x h x d x d / 4 = 3.142 x n x 25 n x 25 n / 4 = 490.9375 n x n x n = 4.909375 x 10^2 x 10^(-9) x 10^(-9) x 10^(-9) = 4.909375 x 10^(-25) meters, where ^ is the symbol of power, n is nano or 10^(-9). The answer is given by Kang Chuen Tat; PO Box 6263, Dandenong, Victoria VIC 3175, Australia; SMS +61405421706; chuentat@hotmail.com; http://kangchuentat.wordpress.com.
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ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 34.19 : In the purchase of a unit of engineering office, a loan has been made to a bank with the following details : Term N = 30 years; interest rate R = 8.07 % / year; security : primary residence; present value pv = $450000; salary = $75000 / year or $56000 / year after tax. (a) Let the discounted present value PV = [ 1 - 1 / (1 + r) ^ n ] / r for arrears, where r = interest rate of discount, n = number of payment, ^ = symbol for power. If the loan repayment was made monthly : (i) calculate the value of r where r = R / k and R is in decimal value; (ii) find the value of n where n = kN; (iii) estimate the value of k where k = number of repayment per year; (iv) calculate the value of PV based on the formula of discounted present value. (b) Calculate the monthly repayment of the loan, MR based on the following formula : pv = PV x MR. (c) Find the percentage of salary remains after paying the loan every month.
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FOOD ENGINEERING - QUESTION 23.3 : (a) In the measurement of the browning (optical density) of fruit juice at 10 day interval, the following pairs of data are obtained with time t in days and browning or optical density (OD) : t = 0, OD = 0.05; t = 10, OD = 0.071; t = 20, OD = 0.089; t = 30, OD = 0.11; t = 40, OD = 0.128; t = 50, OD = 0.149; t = 60, OD = 0.17. (i) By using Excel or other programs, determine if such browning reaction can be characterised by pseudo zero order kinetics, with strong correlations between the data pairs of t and OD. (ii) When OD = 0.24, the shelf life T of such juice is expired. Calculate the value of T. (b) Let food cost percentage = ( food cost / food sales ) x 100. If total food cost of bread and butter are $25, food cost percentage of bread is 50 % and for butter is 50 %, find the total food sales of bread and butter.
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