QUANTUM BIOLOGY - EXAMPLE 33.5 : (a) In the measurement of the number of photons received by a plant during photosynthesis, quantum meter is used. At 8 AM, 11 AM, 12 PM, 2 PM and 4 PM of the same day, the measured readings of the meter are 10, 70, 60, 120 and 120 units. Find the mode, median and min of the readings of the quantum meter. (b) Microtubule is used to carry information in a cell. If the cross-sectional area of the microtubule has a diameter of 25 nanometers, find the volume of the microtubule of 1 nanometer in height. State the assumption of calculation.
QUANTUM BIOLOGY - ANSWER 33.5 : (a) Mode = 120 (2 readings, greater than others with 1 reading). Median = 70 (since 70 is the middle, when the values are rearranged orderly as 10, 60, 70, 120, 120). Min = (sum of readings) / (number of readings) = (10 + 70 + 60 + 120 + 120) / 5 = 380 / 5 = 76. (b) Assumption : Microtubule is a cylinder. Let V = 3.142 x h x d x d / 4 where V = volume, d = diameter, h = height. Then V = 3.142 x h x d x d / 4 = 3.142 x n x 25 n x 25 n / 4 = 490.9375 n x n x n = 4.909375 x 10^2 x 10^(-9) x 10^(-9) x 10^(-9) = 4.909375 x 10^(-25) meters, where ^ is the symbol of power, n is nano or 10^(-9). The answer is given by Kang Chuen Tat; PO Box 6263, Dandenong, Victoria VIC 3175, Australia; SMS +61405421706; chuentat@hotmail.com; http://kangchuentat.wordpress.com.
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BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 14.3 : The kinetic behavior of an enzyme could be described using Michalis - Menten equation : Vo = Vmax [S] / (Km + [S]). Derive this equation from [ES] = [E]total [S] / (Km + [S]), Vmax = Kcat [E]total, Vo = Kcat [ES].
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