Answer / Tripti Agarwal

The purpose of slopes (Differential and Restraining) in a differential relay is to define the trip curve, which determines when the relay will trip based on phase-to-phase unbalances. The Differential slope detects unbalances caused by faults or load imbalances, while the Restraining slope helps prevent false trips due to normal load fluctuations and other harmonic distortions.nIn busbar differential relays, only one slope is used because busbars have simpler electrical configurations compared to three-phase systems. A single slope provides an appropriate trip curve for the busbar system without requiring separate restraining and differential slopes.

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