CHEMICAL ENERGY BALANCE - EXAMPLE 11.4 : Calculate the bubble temperature T at P = 85-kPa for a binary liquid with x(1) = 0.4. The liquid solution is ideal. The saturation pressures are Psat(1) = exp [ 14.3 - 2945 / (T + 224) ], Psat(2) = exp [ 14.2 - 2943 / (T + 209) ] where T is in degree Celsius. Please take note that x(1) + x(2) = 1. Please take note that y(1) + y(2) = 1, y(1) = [ x(1) * Psat(1) ] / P, y(2) = [ x(2) * Psat(2) ] / P, * is multiplication. P is in kPa.
1 1482CHEMICAL ENERGY BALANCE - EXAMPLE 11.5 : According to Margules Equation, P = x(1) p(1) g(1) + x(2) p(2) g(2) for a two-component mixture where P is bubble pressure, x is mole fraction, p is saturation pressure, g is constant given by ln g(1) = x(2) A x(2). Find the value of A as a constant when P = 1.08 bar, p(1) = 0.82 bar, p(2) = 1.93 bar in a 50 : 50 mole fraction mixture. Estimate the pressure required to completely liquefy the 30 : 70 mixture using the same equation, by proving P = 1.39 bar. Take note that ln g(2) = x(1) A x(1), ln g(1) = x(2) A x(2).
1 1661ENGINEERING MATERIAL - EXAMPLE 12.1 : In crystal material, hexagonal crystal system could form 4-digit index in certain direction of solid. For [1(-1)0] direction in the hexagonal crystal systems of particular catalyst applied in fume removal of incinerator, what is the four-digit index for this direction? Hint : The transformation equations between the 3-digit [h'k'l'] and the 4-digit [hkil] indices are : h = (1/3) (2h'-k'); i = - (h + k); k = (1/3) (2k'-h'); l = l' A. [(-1)100] B. [1(-1)00] C. [(-1)000] D. [00(-1)(-1)] E. [(-1)0(-1)0]
1 1581ENGINEERING MATERIAL - EXAMPLE 12.2 : At 150 degree Celsius, a mixture of 40 wt % Sn and 60 wt % Pb present, forming phases of alpha and beta. Chemical composition of Sn at each phase : CO (overall) : 40 %, CA (alpha) : 11 %, CB (beta) : 99 %. (a) State 2 reasons for the existences of alpha and beta phases for the mixture of Sn - Pb at 150 degree Celsius. (b) By using Lever Rule, calculate the weight fraction of each phase for alpha, WA = Q / (P + Q) and beta, WB = P / (P + Q) where Q = CB - CO and P = CO - CA.
1 1690ENGINEERING MATERIAL - EXAMPLE 12.3 : Let a ^ 2 = a x a and a ^ 3 = a x a x a where ^ is power function. Niobium is a metal with a body-centered cubic structure. The length of the unit cell structure is b = 0.3349 nm. (a) Find the volume for a unit cell structure for niobium. (b) There are 2 atoms per unit cell structure of niobium. The metal has a molar mass of 92.9 g / mol. One mole of the metal consists of 6.02 x 10 ^ 23 atoms. Find the mass of niobium per unit cell and the density of niobium.
1 1553REACTION ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 13.1 : In a furnace, 2 chemical reactions are happening - 1 mole of solid carbon reacts with 1 mole of oxygen gas to generate 1 mole of carbon dioxide gas; 1 mole of solid carbon reacts with 0.5 mole of oxygen gas to generate 1 mole of carbon monoxide gas. In a given process, 100 kmol of carbon is burned in a furnace. (a) Calculate the theoretical oxygen gas needed by assuming that all the carbon is burned completely to carbon dioxide gas. (b) Calculate the theoretical air needed by assuming that all the carbon is burned completely to carbon dioxide gas and there is only 21 % of oxygen gas. (c) Determine the amount of air required (in kmol) if 50 % excess oxygen gas must be satisfied for (a) and (b). (d) It has latter been found that 20 % of the carbon undergoes incomplete combustion resulting to carbon monoxide gas production. The rest of the carbon undergoes complete combustion. Calculate the total oxygen gas required stoichiometrically based on the actual process.
1 1968REACTION ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 13.2 : A batch reactor is designed for the system of the irreversible, elementary liquid-phase hydration of butylene oxide that produces butylene glycol. At the reaction temperature T = 323 K, the reaction rate constant is k = 0.00083 L / (mol - min). The initial concentration of butylene oxide is 0.25 mol / L = Ca. The reaction is conducted using water as the solvent, so that water is in large excess. (a) Let the molecular weight of water is 18 g / mol and the mass of 1 kg in 1 L of water, calculate the molar density of water, Cb in the unit of mol / L. (b) Determine the final conversion, X of butylene oxide in the batch reactor after t = 45 min of reaction time. Use the formula X = 1 - 1 / exp [ kt (Cb) ] derived from material balance. (c) Find the equation of t as a function of X.
1 1525REACTION ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 13.3 : The half-life for first order reaction could be described in the differential equation dC / dt = -kC where k is a constant, C is concentration and t is time. (a) Find the equation of C as a function of t. (b) Find the half life for such reaction or the time required to reduce 50 % of the initial concentration, where k = 0.139 per minute. (c) When the initial concentration Co is 16 mol / cubic metre, how long does the reaction required to achieve the final concentration of 1 mol / cubic metre?
1 1440BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 14.1 : In differential centrifugation of cells with diameter D in centimeter, the square of D is given by D x D = [18n ln (RF / RI) ] / [ (RP - RFF) Wt ] where n is the fluid viscosity (poise), RF is the final radius of rotation (cm), RI is the initial radius of rotation (cm), RP is cell density (g / ml), RFF is the fluid density (g/ml), W the square for the rotational velocity in (radians / s) (radians / s), t is the time required to sediment from RI to RF (s). Derive an equation for W as a function for D, n, RF, RI, RP, RFF and t, with the stated units above, in radian & degree.
1 1643BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 14.2 : An aqueous solution with 2.5 g of a protein dissolved in 600 cubic centimeters of a solution at 20 degree Celsius was placed in a container that has a water-permeable membrane. Water permeated through the membrane until the h - level of the solution was 0.9 cm above the pure water. (a) Calculate the absolute temperature of the solution, T in Kelvin, where T (Kelvin) = T (degree Celsius) + 273.15. (b) Calculate the osmotic pressure, P of the solution by using the formula P = hrg where h is level of the solution, r is density of water with 1000 kg per cubic meter, g = 9.81 N / kg as gravitational acceleration. (c) Calculate the concentration of the protein solution, C in kg / cubic meter. (d) Calculate the molecular weight of the protein, (MW) = CRT / P where R = 8.314 Pa cubic meter / (mol K) as ideal gas constant.
1 1793
How to calculate the force on a column of three story building. What should be the base concrete height?.
Which are the top apps for you civil engineering?
How many kilo-newtons equals 1000 kilogram?
What is equalisation? Why do we need it?
how the calculation of faut current level
List some examples of renewable energy?
i have taken gre exam twice... first time i got 287( quant:154 & verbal: 133) second time i got 288(quant:149 & verbal:139) is there possibility to take universities -----quant:154& verbal:139....TOTAL=293 can u plz give me information regarding this............. if it is possible for some universities plz give me 5 best universities plz.........
Define a barometric condenser?
Explain the Braiding, Lace, Net and Felting.
Tell me what is enclosed seam?
What is EARTH COUPLING. Have come across,a pnuematic index table Machine is vertical drilling machine made by Chiron GMBH
Draw the circuit diagram of 1φ auto sequential commutated current source inverter and explain its operation with equivalent circuits for different modes and necessary waveforms?
how to write regression test case?what is the difference between Client server & web based Testing? can we able to do UI Testing in web based Testing
how many digree of freedom in four bar chain
In order to increase efficiency and reduce co emissions and other emissions, clear coal technologies are receiving major attention. What are these ?