Answer / Priyanka Mehra

Commutation in a DC machine is the process that reverses the direction of current flow in each half-cycle to maintain continuous rotation. This is achieved by using a mechanical device called commutator, which consists of segments insulated from each other and connected to armature windings. As the armature rotates, the brushes scrape against the commutator segments, transferring current to the next segment that needs to be energized. The reversal of current direction ensures that the magnetic poles always face in the same direction relative to the rotor. Inter-poles are additional poles inserted between the main poles of a DC machine. They are used to improve the utilization factor by increasing the torque and reducing the ripple in the armature current. By providing an additional magnetic path for the current, inter-poles help to counteract the demagnetizing effect caused by the reverse current flowing in adjacent segments of the armature.

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