Answer / Pankaj Singh Rana

1. Controller Proportional Gain (Kp) is a measure of the proportional action of a control system, which determines how much the controller output changes for a given error signal. The unit of Kp depends on the controlled variable.n2. Integral Action Time (Ti) is the time taken by the integral action to reduce 63.27% of the steady-state error in a step response of a control system.n3. The proportional plus derivative controller (PID) with a proportional band of 20%, derivative action time of 0.1 minutes, when applied to a triangular input rising and falling at 4 units per minute, will produce an output waveform similar to a triangle but with reduced peak values due to the proportional action and damping effect of the derivative action. However, providing a detailed mathematical calculation and graph for this specific scenario is beyond the capabilities of this response.

How can we say that accuracy of measurement increases by using 3 or 4 wire RTD? because for example: If resistance of RTD element is say r ohms and Resistance of the cable from transmitter to RTD is R ohms And if 4 wire RTD is used, ____._____________________ R ohms | |_____._____________________ R ohms / \ / r ohms \ \ | |______.__________________ R Ohms | |_______._________________ R ohms Then the actual resistance measured will be: Total = r + R/2 + R/2 = r +R Ohms Note: r+R instead of r ohms. hence error

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