Answer / Amrinder Kumar

To increase the threshold voltage in NMOS and PMOS transistors, you can adjust their dimensions (W/L ratio) as follows:
1. For NMOS: Increasing the channel length (L) while keeping the width (W) constant increases the threshold voltage due to a smaller inversion charge.
2. For PMOS: Similarly, increasing the channel length (L) while keeping the width (W) constant decreases the threshold voltage, making it more positive. However, increasing W while keeping L constant can increase the threshold voltage.

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