types of telecommunication network used

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types of telecommunication network used..

Answer / adeel

Telecommunications network
A telecommunications network is a network of
telecommunications links and nodes arranged so that
messages may be passed from one part of the network to
another over multiple links and through various nodes.

Telecommunications network links (including their endpoints
or "nodes") may in turn be built out of hierarchical
transmission systems.

Examples of telecommunications networks are:
• Computer network
• the Internet Network- The internet network is a
global ‘network of networks’. The internet is connected via
an Internet Service Provider (ISP) and then becomes part of
a network. This network then connects to a larger corporate
network that interconnects with several other similar
networks through Network Access Points (NAPs).[1][2]
• the Public switched telephone network
• the global Telex network
• the aeronautical ACARS network
Telecommunication Network Components

All telecommunication networks are made up of five basic
components that are present in each network environment
regardless of type or use. These basic components include
terminals, telecommunications processors,
telecommunications channels, computers, and
telecommunications control software.
• Terminals are the starting and stopping points in
any telecommunication network environment. Any input or
output device that is used to transmit or receive data can
be classified as a terminal component.
• Telecommunications processors are support data
transmission and reception between terminals and computers
by providing a variety of control and support functions.
(i.e. convert data from digital to analog and back)
• Telecommunications channels are the way by which
data is transmitted and received. Telecommunication
channels are created through a variety of media of which
the most popular include copper wires and coaxial cables.
Fiber-optic cables are increasingly used to bring faster
and more robust connections to businesses and homes.
• In a telecommunication environment computers are
connected through media to perform their communication
assignments.
• Telecommunications control software is present on
all networked computers and is responsible for controlling
network activities and functionality.

Early networks were built without computers, but late in
the 20th century their switching centers were computerized
or the networks replaced with computer networks.
Types of Telecommunication Networks

In its most basic form a network is an interconnected
system of things or people. From a technical standpoint a
network is a data communication system that interconnects
computer systems at different sites, or the connection of
two or more computers using a communications system.

Most networks can be classified into one of five different
types. These include wide area networks (WAN), local area
networks, (LAN), virtual private networks (VPN),
client/server networks, network computing, and peer-to-peer
networks.
Wide Area Network (WAN)

Any network that encompasses a large geographic area is
referred to as a WAN or Wide Area Network. Many large
businesses and government agencies use WANs to keep their
employees and citizens connected as well as provide a quick
and effective way to send and receive information.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

A MAN or Metropolitan Area Network is a network that covers
a region, often a metropolitan area that is bigger than a
Local Area Network and smaller than a Wide Area Network and
consists of several interconnected LANs. This network often
serves regional businesses that have several locations
throughout the region or entire cities. With this
configuration, a MAN often is then connected to larger WAN
networks.

There are three features that differentiate MANs from LANs
or WANs:

1. The area of the network size is between LANs and WANs.
The MAN will have a physical area between 5 and 50 km in
diameter.

2. MANs do not generally belong to a single organization.
The equipment that interconnects the network, the links,
and the MAN itself are often owned by an association or a
network provider that provides or leases the service to
others.

3. A MAN is a means for sharing resources at high speeds
within the network. It often provides connections to WAN
networks for access to resources outside the scope of the
MAN.
Campus Area Network (CAN)

A CAN or Campus Area Network is a network that is
restricted to a small geographic area such as a building
complex or a college campus. It is smaller than a
Metropolitan Area Network but larger than a Local Area
Network. The CAN incorporates several LANs and usually has
connections to a MAN or WAN.
Local Area Network (LAN)

Similar in many ways to WANs; Local Area Networks or LANs
are responsible for connecting computers in a much smaller
limited physical area. A good example of a LAN would be a
hotel's wireless Internet offering which is self-contained
within their own facility.

There are multiple standards for Local Area Networks.
Examples include IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi)
or ITU-T G.hn (using existing home wires, such as power
lines, phone lines and coaxial cables).
Personal Area Network (PAN)

A Personal Area Network (PAN) is a network that is
restricted to the area of a person's body. It is much
smaller than Local Area Network. It typically incorporates
ad hoc connections to other PANs or directly to BlueTooth
devices.
Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Virtual Private Networks or VPNs are a type of network that
builds on the concept of a WAN however relies upon the
internet and an encrypted connection mechanism to establish
a secure environment for internal or external employees or
customers.
Client/Server Network

The Client-Server network architecture continues to be the
main architectural choice for most enterprise network
computing. In a client/server environment the client (i.e.
PC) relies on a LAN to connect with a back office network
server that is responsible for the connection, retrieval,
and storage of data and other critical company or personal
information.
Network Computing

Network computing is a network architecture that has grown
with the Internet and resulting connection speeds. In a
network computing architecture a computer uses its web
browser to connect to another network computer that
actually is running the application. A good example of this
architecture in use is Google Docs, or Microsoft Office
online. Both services allow users the ability to login to
Google or Microsoft servers respectively and work similarly
to how it would be performed on their own computing
environment.
Peer-to-Peer Network

Peer to peer networks are now beginning to be realized for
the positive benefits they provide and not as only used for
the sharing of copyrighted material. Peer-to-peer networks
can be separated into two major types: Central Server and
Pure. [3]

In a central server environment one host server maintains
all active connections and shared information. When
information is requested the central server informs the
user where they can receive the file and allows the
connection directly to the other PC to download. The best
example of this type was the original Napster file sharing
service.

A pure peer-to-peer network type has no central server to
maintain active users relies instead on the individual
computers to seek out all other computers offering the same
information being requested. A good example of this type
would be BitTorrent software which allows small parts of
information to be pulled from many sources which once
completed compiles into the

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