What is some good advice for specifying allowable pressure drops in shell and tube exchangers for heavy hydrocarbons?
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QUANTUM BIOLOGY - EXAMPLE 33.4 : (a) According to Landauer (1986), the capacity of human memory is approximately X bits. Assume that a human retains 2 bits / second of visual, verbal, tactile and musical memory, find the value of X if a human lifetime is approximately 2.5 billion seconds. (b) The total power consumption of the human brain is about 25 Watts. The bread of 100 grams will produce 1000 kilojoules of energy. How much bread is needed to run a human brain for 1 day?
ENGINEERING MATERIAL - EXAMPLE 12.2 : At 150 degree Celsius, a mixture of 40 wt % Sn and 60 wt % Pb present, forming phases of alpha and beta. Chemical composition of Sn at each phase : CO (overall) : 40 %, CA (alpha) : 11 %, CB (beta) : 99 %. (a) State 2 reasons for the existences of alpha and beta phases for the mixture of Sn - Pb at 150 degree Celsius. (b) By using Lever Rule, calculate the weight fraction of each phase for alpha, WA = Q / (P + Q) and beta, WB = P / (P + Q) where Q = CB - CO and P = CO - CA.
What is the ignititon temprecher of Diesel,Petrol&Carosion oil.
what is the difference between distillation column and distillation tower?
What are the effects of oils on the properties of Polyolefins?
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING INSTRUMENTATION - EXAMPLE 29.6 : In infrared spectrum, one of the factors affecting peak location is the mass of the atoms. The stretching frequency of a bond connected to a lighter atom will be greater than the same bond connected to a heavier atom. (a) For halogens like florine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I) and astatine (At), what is their IUPAC group number? Hint : The proton numbers for F, Cl, Br, I and At are 9, 17, 35, 53 and 85 respectively. (b) For the compounds of H-F, H-Cl, H-Br, H-I and H-At, which one has the lowest stretching frequency and which one has the highest stretching frequency? State the reasons.
Calculate the cooling duty, H required to condense and cool acetone from 100 degree Celsius to 25 degree Celsius at atmospheric pressure. The heat of vaporization for acetone at its normal boiling point is 30.2 kJ / mol. The boiling point of acetone at atmospheric pressure is 56 degree Celsius. The flowrate of acetone through the condenser is 100 mol / s = N. Value of sensible heat needed to increase the temperature of acetone in liquid form from 25 to 56 degree Celsius is 4.06 kJ / mol. Value of sensible heat needed to increase the temperature of acetone in vapor form from 56 to 100 degree Celsius is 3.82 kJ / mol. Unit of H is kJ / s.
Chemical Engineering Material Balance - Three hundred gallons of a mixture containing 75.0 wt % ethanol and 25 wt % water (mixture specific gravity = 0.877) and a quantity of a 40.0 wt % ethanol - 60 wt % water mixture (specific gravity = 0.952) are blended to produce a mixture containing 60.0 wt % ethanol. The specific gravity of a substance is the ratio of density of a substance compared to the density of water. The symbol of weight percent is wt %. (a) Estimate the specific gravity of the 60 % mixture by assuming that y = mx c where y is wt % ethanol, x is mixture specific gravity. Values for m and c are constants. (b) Determine the required volume of the 40 % mixture.
A distillation column separates 10000 kg / hr of a mixture containing equal mass of benzene and toluene. The product D recovered from the condenser at the top of the column contains 95 % benzene, and the bottom W from the column contains 96 % toluene. The vapor V entering the condenser from the top of the column is 8000 kg / hr. A portion of the product from the condenser is returned to the column as reflux R, and the rest is withdrawn as the final product D. Assume that V, R, and D are identical in composition since V is condensed completely. Find the ratio of the amount refluxed R to the product withdrawn D. Hint : Solve the simultaneous equations as follow in order to find the answer (R / D) : 10000 = D + W; 10000 (0.5) = D (0.95) + W (0.04); 8000 = R + D.
QUANTUM BIOLOGY - EXAMPLE 33.3 : In quantum biology, microtubule is used to store information in a cell. At temperature of T = 300 K, measured current I in a probe is directly proportional to the supplied voltage V, when passing through a microtubule with resistance R. (a) Form an equation of V as a function of I involving k as a constant. (b) If the microtubule has R = 1 ohm at such condition, find the value of V when I = 2 A. Hint : Ohm's law. (c) Find the relationship of k as a function of R.
What effect does choking a vertical thermosiphon have on the heat transfer rate?