QUANTUM COMPUTING - EXAMPLE 32.6 : (a) Let H | 0 > = 0.707 ( | 0 > + | 1 > ), H | 1 > = 0.707 ( | 0 > - | 1 > ). Find the values for H | 0 > + H | 1 > and H | 0 > - H | 1 >. (b) In quantum computing, a qubyte is a quantum byte, or 8 quantum bits, a sequence processed as a unit. A qubit is a quantum bit. According to Alexander Holevo in his theorem, n qubits cannot carry more than n classical bits of information. What is the maximum amount of classical bits of information that can be carried by 1 qubyte.
QUANTUM COMPUTING - ANSWER 32.6 : (a) H | 0 > + H | 1 > = 0.707 ( | 0 > + | 1 > ) + 0.707 ( | 0 > - | 1 > ) = 0.707 ( | 0 > + | 1 > + | 0 > - | 1 > ) = 0.707 ( 2 | 0 > ) = 1.414 | 0 >. H | 0 > - H | 1 > = 0.707 ( | 0 > + | 1 > ) - 0.707 ( | 0 > - | 1 > ) = 0.707 [ | 0 > + | 1 > - ( | 0 > - | 1 > ) ] = 0.707 ( 2 | 1 > ) = 1.414 | 1 >. (b) A qubyte = 8 qubits. When n = 8, maximum amount of classical bits = 8. The answer is given by Kang Chuen Tat; PO Box 6263, Dandenong, Victoria VIC 3175, Australia; SMS +61405421706; chuentat@hotmail.com; http://kangchuentat.wordpress.com.
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UNIT OPERATION - EXAMPLE 9.2 : A distillation column separates 10000 kg / hr of a mixture containing equal mass of benzene and toluene. The product D recovered from the condenser at the top of the column contains 95 % benzene, and the bottom W from the column contains 96 % toluene. The vapor V entering the condenser from the top of the column is 8000 kg / hr. A portion of the product from the condenser is returned to the column as reflux R, and the rest is withdrawn as the final product D. Assume that V, R, and D are identical in composition since V is condensed completely. Find the ratio of the amount refluxed R to the product withdrawn D. Hint : Solve the simultaneous equations as follow in order to find the answer (R / D) : 10000 = D + W; 10000 (0.5) = D (0.95) + W (0.04); 8000 = R + D.
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The water is superheated steam at 440 degree Celsius and 17.32 megapascals. Estimate the enthalpy of the steam above. From the steam table for water at 440 degree Celsius, enthalpy of steam, h at 18 megapascals is 3103.7 kilojoules per kilogram and at 16 megapascal is 3062.8 kilojoules per kilogram. Assume that h = mP c where P is pressure; m and c are constants at fixed temperature with small differences in P.
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PROCESS DESIGN - EXAMPLE 21.1 : According to rules of thumb in chemical process design, consider the use of an expander for reducing the pressure of a gas when more than 20 horsepowers can be recovered. The theoretical adiabatic horsepower (THp) for expanding a gas could be estimated from the equation : THp = Q [ Ti / (8130a) ] [ 1 - (Po / Pi) ^ a ] where 3 ^ 3 is 3 power 3 or 27, Q is volumetric flowrate in standard cubic feet per minute, Ti is inlet temperature in degree Rankine, a = (k - 1) / k where k = Cp / Cv, Po and Pi are reference and systemic pressures respectively. (a) Assume Cp / Cv = 1.4, Po = 14.7 psia, (temperature in degree Rankine) = [ (temperature in degree Celsius) + 273.15 ] (9 / 5), nitrogen gas at Pi = 90 psia and 25 degree Celsius flowing at Q = 230 standard cubic feet per minute is to be vented to the atmosphere. According to rules of thumb, should an expander or a valve be used? (b) Find the outlet temperature To by using the equation To = Ti (Po / Pi) ^ a.
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ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS - EXAMPLE 8.1 : A local utility burns coal having the following composition on a dry basis : Carbon (C) 83.05 %, hydrogen (H) 4.45 %, oxygen (O) 3.36 %, nitrogen (N) 1.08 %, sulfur (S) 0.7 % and ash 7.36 %. Calculate the ash free composition of the coal with reference to C, H, O, N and S.
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