ENGINEERING PHYSICS - EXAMPLE 30.3 : (a) The quantum number m is given by m = -s, -s + 1. If s = 0.5, find the values of m. (b) | T > = (cos T) | V > + (sin T) | H >. The V and H states form a basis for all polarizations. Let cos T = 0.8. (i) If (sin T)(sin T) + (cos T)(cos T) = 1, find the value of sin T. (ii) For | T > = a | V > + b | H >, where a x a represents the probability of | V > and b x b represents the probability of | H >. Which one is more abundant, | V > or | H >? (iii) Find the value of T without using any mathematical tools.
ENGINEERING PHYSICS - ANSWER 30.3 : (a) When s = 0.5, m = -s = -0.5 and m = -s + 1 = -0.5 + 1 = 0.5. (b)(i)(sin T)(sin T) = 1 - (cos T)(cos T) = 1 - 0.8 x 0.8 = 0.36. Then sin T = 0.6. (ii) Let a = cos T = 0.8, probability of | V > = a x a = 0.8 x 0.8 = 0.64 (more abundant) and b = sin T = 0.6, probability of | H > = b x b = 0.6 x 0.6 = 0.36 (less abundant). (iii) cos T = 0.8, then T = arc cos 0.8. The answer is given by Kang Chuen Tat; PO Box 6263, Dandenong, Victoria VIC 3175, Australia; SMS +61405421706; chuentat@hotmail.com; http://kangchuentat.wordpress.com.
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CHEMICAL ENERGY BALANCE - EXAMPLE 11.3 : For liquid benzene, the CP constants are : a = 129440, b = - 169.5, c = 0.64781. Reference temperature is 298 K. The temperature of benzene is 60 degree Celsius. Calculate the enthalpy of benzene by using the formula H = a (DT) + (b/2) (T^2 - TREF^2) + (c/3) (T^3 - TREF^3) where ^ is power, DT is temperature difference with TREF = 298 K. H is in J / kmol. DT = T - TREF.
Question 65 – A differential equation is given as y” + 5y’ + 6y = 0, y(0) = 2 and y’(0) = 3. By using Laplace transform, an engineer has correctly produced the equation L {y} = (2s + 13) / [(s + 2)(s + 3)] = A / (s + 2) + B (s + 3). (a) Find the values of A and B. (b) The inversed Laplace transform of 1 / (s + a) is given by exp (-at) where a is a constant. If the statement : L {y} = 9 L { exp (-2t) } - 7 L { exp (-3t) } is correct, find the equation of y as a function of t as a solution to the differential equation stated in the beginning of this question. When L {d} = 9 L {b} - 7 L {c}, then d = 9b - 7c with b, c and d are unknowns.
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CHEMICAL FLUID MECHANIC - EXAMPLE 3.1 : Water flows through a pipe with circular cross sectional area at the rate of V / t = 80 L / s where V is the volume and t is time. Let Av = 80 L / s where A is cross sectional area and v is velocity of fluid. For point 1, the radius of the pipe is 16 cm. For point 2, the radius of the pipe is 8 cm. Find (a) the velocity at point 1; (b) the velocity at point 2; (c) the pressure at point 2 by using Bernoulli's equation where P + Rgy + 0.5 RV = constant. P is the pressure, R = density of fluid, V = square of fluid's velocity, g = gravitational constant of 9.81 N / kg and y = 2 m = difference of height at 2 points. The pressure of point 1 is 180 kPa.
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Question 33 – By using Excel program either on laptop or desktop PC, solve the differential equation dy / dx = -2y + x + 4 with h = 0.005, initial values : x = 0, y = 1. The 4th order Runge-Kutta method provides : y(N + 1) = y(N) + (1/6) (k1 + 2k2 +2k3 + k4), k1 = h [ -2y(N) + x(N) + 4 ], k2 = h { -2 [ y(N) + k1 / 2 ] + x(N) + h / 2 + 4 }, k3 = h { -2 [ y(N) + k2 / 2 ] + x(N) + h / 2 + 4 }, k4 = h { -2 [ y(N) + k3 ] + x(N) + h + 4 }. What is the value of y at x = 0.5?
REACTION ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 13.1 : In a furnace, 2 chemical reactions are happening - 1 mole of solid carbon reacts with 1 mole of oxygen gas to generate 1 mole of carbon dioxide gas; 1 mole of solid carbon reacts with 0.5 mole of oxygen gas to generate 1 mole of carbon monoxide gas. In a given process, 100 kmol of carbon is burned in a furnace. (a) Calculate the theoretical oxygen gas needed by assuming that all the carbon is burned completely to carbon dioxide gas. (b) Calculate the theoretical air needed by assuming that all the carbon is burned completely to carbon dioxide gas and there is only 21 % of oxygen gas. (c) Determine the amount of air required (in kmol) if 50 % excess oxygen gas must be satisfied for (a) and (b). (d) It has latter been found that 20 % of the carbon undergoes incomplete combustion resulting to carbon monoxide gas production. The rest of the carbon undergoes complete combustion. Calculate the total oxygen gas required stoichiometrically based on the actual process.
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ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 34.37 : A biochemical engineering professional applies 5-step Du Pont formula in the accounting. Let Net Income = A, Earning Before Tax (EBT) = B, Earning Before Interest, Tax (EBIT) = C, Net Sales = D, Total Assets = E, Shareholders Equity = F. Let Tax Burden = A / B = 0.75, Interest Burden = B / C = 1.05, EBIT Margin = C / D = 0.27, Asset Turnover = D / E = 0.66, Return on Equity = A / F = 0.37. (a) Calculate the value of Leverage = E / F. (b) If AB + BC + CD + DE + EF = $$ 141932, find the values of A, B, C, D, E and F.