Answer / Bhagat Singh

In Electrical Engineering, a Directional Earth Fault (DEF) occurs when the fault current flows in one direction through the earth. This type of fault can be detected by directional overcurrent relays because they can sense the polarity of the current flowing to ground. A Non-Directional Earth Fault (NDEF) is a fault where the current flowing to ground does not have a definite polarity, and cannot be detected by directional overcurrent relays. NDEFs are typically caused by simultaneous faults on multiple phases.

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