how can we measure entropy?
Answer / aroh shrivastava
entropy is the randomness of molecules.
we can apply fomula dQ/t = change in entropy
Is This Answer Correct ? | 12 Yes | 1 No |
The power required for size reduction in crushing is???
What are advantages using hollow shaft impeller?
QUANTUM BIOLOGY - EXAMPLE 33.8 : (a) Let ^ be the symbol of power where 1 ^ 2 = 1 x 1 = 1, 2 ^ 2 = 2 x 2 = 4. Let the number of electrons in a human body to be 10 ^ 28 = A, the number of all of the grains of sand on Earth planet to be 7 x (10 ^ 20) = B, the number of all the stars in the visible sky to be 8 x (10 ^ 3) = C. By assuming that every star in the visible sky has the same number of grains of sand as on Earth planet, prove by mathematical calculations that there are more electrons in one human body compared to the number of all of the grains of sand on the stars in the visible sky. (b) The incoming solar radiation to the Earth's surface is mainly from sun. Around 51 % of the radiation is absorbed by Earth's surface. Around 19 % is absorbed by atmosphere and clouds. In term of reflection, 4 % of the radiation is from surface of Earth, 6 % is reflected by atmosphere and the rest is reflected by clouds. Find the percentage of radiation absorbed by and reflected by biological beings on Earth, with reason for your response.
design calculations for reactor
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PROCESS CONTROL - EXAMPLE 6.3 : The differential equation is 3 dy / dt + 2y = 1 with y(0) = 1. (a) The Laplace transformation, L for given terms are : L (dy / dt) = sY(s) - y(0), L(y) = Y(s), L(1) = 1 / s. Use such transformation to find Y(s). (b) The initial value theorem states that : When t approaches 0 for a function of y(t), it is equal to a function of sY(s) when s approaches infinity. Use the initial value theorem as a check to the answer found in part (a).
ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 34.14 : For a formula of y = [ 1 - 1 / (1 + r) ^ n ] / r, let y = present value, r = interest rate / year, n = number of years to future value of 1 : (a) Find a simple mathematical relationship of y as a function of r when n = 1 million years. (b) What is the present value of $10000, if the annual discount rate is 10 %, forever?
REACTION ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 13.3 : The half-life for first order reaction could be described in the differential equation dC / dt = -kC where k is a constant, C is concentration and t is time. (a) Find the equation of C as a function of t. (b) Find the half life for such reaction or the time required to reduce 50 % of the initial concentration, where k = 0.139 per minute. (c) When the initial concentration Co is 16 mol / cubic metre, how long does the reaction required to achieve the final concentration of 1 mol / cubic metre?
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Explain about different types of lamps?
FOOD ENGINEERING - QUESTION 23.3 : (a) In the measurement of the browning (optical density) of fruit juice at 10 day interval, the following pairs of data are obtained with time t in days and browning or optical density (OD) : t = 0, OD = 0.05; t = 10, OD = 0.071; t = 20, OD = 0.089; t = 30, OD = 0.11; t = 40, OD = 0.128; t = 50, OD = 0.149; t = 60, OD = 0.17. (i) By using Excel or other programs, determine if such browning reaction can be characterised by pseudo zero order kinetics, with strong correlations between the data pairs of t and OD. (ii) When OD = 0.24, the shelf life T of such juice is expired. Calculate the value of T. (b) Let food cost percentage = ( food cost / food sales ) x 100. If total food cost of bread and butter are $25, food cost percentage of bread is 50 % and for butter is 50 %, find the total food sales of bread and butter.
Why chemical became dominant to natural sources????