GENETIC ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 27.3 : (a) Male with genotype GGmm and phenotype gray wingless mates with female with genotype ggMM and phenotype black winged in fruit flies. G is dominant to g in color. M is dominant to m in wing shape. If the actual distribution of the second generation of the fruit flies was as follow : 890 gray wingless, 900 black winged, 115 gray winged, 95 black wingless, calculate the recombination frequency between the two genes and distance in recombination units. Let 1 map unit = 1 % recombination. (b) A DNA molecule has 180 base pairs and 20 % adenine. How many cytosine nucleotides are present in this molecule of DNA?
GENETIC ENGINEERING - ANSWER 27.3 : (a) Phenotypes of parents = gray wingless, black winged. Phenotypes of recombinant children = gray winged, black wingless. Number of recombinant children = gray winged + black wingless = 115 + 95 = 210. Recombination frequency between the two genes = Number of recombinant children / Total number of children = 210 / (210 + 890 + 900) = 0.105 or 10.5 % = distance = 10.5 map units. (b) Base pairs number of adenine = 180 x 0.2 = 36 = base pairs number of thymine. Base pairs number of guanine = base pairs number of cytosine = (Total number of base pairs - 2 x Base pairs number of adenine) / 2 = (180 - 2 x 36) / 2 = 54. The answer is given by Kang Chuen Tat; PO Box 6263, Dandenong, Victoria VIC 3175, Australia; SMS +61405421706; chuentat@hotmail.com; http://kangchuentat.wordpress.com.
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What is the meaning of the critical speed of a turbine, and what are its effects on the shaft line
ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 34.18 : An investor is planning to purchase a small office for biochemical engineering consultancy on loan. In the calculation of the discount of payment in arrears, the following formula is used : y = 1 / (1 + r) ^ 1 + 1 / (1 + r) ^ 2 + 1 / (1 + r) ^ 3 + ... + 1 / (1 + r) ^ n where y = present value, r = interest rate of discount, n = number of payment, ^ = power used in certain computer languages for mathematics. (a) What is the meaning of : arrears? (b) Find a mathematical equation of y (1 + r). (c) Calculate, in less than 3 terms, y as a function of r and n.
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MICROBIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING - QUESTION 28.3 : In the calculation of the growth of bacteria, absorbance, A in spectrophotometry is used. According to Beer-Lambert Law, A = e x l x c where A is the absorbance of the solution (no unit), l is the distance of light travels through the solution (in cm), e is the molar absorptivity or the molar extinction coefficient [ in L / (mol.cm) ]. For a particular solute and fixed path length : As / Ao = Cs / Co where Ao is the observed signal for a known concentration Co, and As is the observed signal for a sample concentration Cs. (a) For a cell concentration of 560 cells / mL, a spectrophotometre gives an absorbance reading of 1.0. A mixture of concentration 3600000 cells / mL can be diluted in several operations, with each operation having a dilution of 1:20. How many dilutions should be made so that the concentration of this mixture can be calculated within a range of A = 0.0 to 1.0. (b) In another experiment, a sample tube of 1 cm in width is used. Let A = 0.06 and e = 0.0012 ml / (cell.cm). Find the cell concentration of the sample.
Question 79 - (a) The American Petroleum Institute gravity, or API gravity, is a measure of how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is compared to water. Let SG = specific gravity of petroleum liquid, and V = barrels of crude oil per metric ton. Given the formula for API gravity = 141.5 / SG - 131.5 and V = (API gravity + 131.5) / (141.5 x 0.159), find the relationship of SG as a function of V. (b) An oil barrel is about 159 litres. If a cylinder with diameter d = 50 cm and height h = 50 cm is used to contain the oil, find the volume V of the cylinder in the unit of oil barrel by using the formula V = 3.142 x d x h x d / 4. (c) First reference : 1 cubic metre = 6.2898 oil barrels. Second reference : 1 cubic metre = 6.37 oil barrels. What are the 2 factors that cause the difference in such reference data?
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