Answer / kang chuen tat (malaysia - pen

Answer 73 - (a) The mass of dried material is constant throughout the drying process, or 100 kg x 0.2 = 20 kg. Mass of water = mass of dried material (% of water / % of dried material). Initial mass of water = 20 (80 / 20) = 80 kg. Final mass of water = 20 (10 / 90) = 2.222 kg. Mass of the water removed = Final mass - Initial mass = 80 - 2.222 = 77.778 kg. (b) Heat energy required to evaporate the water only = Mass of the water removed x Latent heat of vaporization = 77.778 kg x 2331 kJ / kg = 181300.518 kJ. (c) Minimum heat energy required to raise the temperature of the potatoes = Mass of potatoes of 80 % moisture x specific heat of potato x temperature changes = 100 kg x 3.43 kJ / (kg °C) x (71 - 24) °C = 16121 kJ. (d) Heat energy in steam = mass of steam x latent heat of steam = 250 kg x 2283 kJ / kg = 570750 kJ. (e) Efficiency of the dryer based heat input and output = (Ti - To) / (Ti - Ta) = (80 – 71)/ (80 – 24) = 0.1607. The answer is given by Kang Chuen Tat; PO Box 6263, Dandenong, Victoria VIC 3175, Australia; SMS +61405421706; chuentat@hotmail.com; http://kangchuentat.wordpress.com.

Question 79 - (a) The American Petroleum Institute gravity, or API gravity, is a measure of how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is compared to water. Let SG = specific gravity of petroleum liquid, and V = barrels of crude oil per metric ton. Given the formula for API gravity = 141.5 / SG - 131.5 and V = (API gravity + 131.5) / (141.5 x 0.159), find the relationship of SG as a function of V. (b) An oil barrel is about 159 litres. If a cylinder with diameter d = 50 cm and height h = 50 cm is used to contain the oil, find the volume V of the cylinder in the unit of oil barrel by using the formula V = 3.142 x d x h x d / 4. (c) First reference : 1 cubic metre = 6.2898 oil barrels. Second reference : 1 cubic metre = 6.37 oil barrels. What are the 2 factors that cause the difference in such reference data?

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NATURAL GAS ENGINEERING - QUESTION 26.2 : (a) The Hyperion sewage plant in Los Angeles burns 8 million cubic feet of natural gas per day to generate power in United States of America. If 1 metre = 3.28084 feet, then how many cubic metres of such gas is burnt per hour? (b) A reservoir of natural gas produces 50 mole % methane and 50 mole % ethane. At zero degree Celsius and one atmosphere, the density of methane gas is 0.716 g / L and the density of ethane gas is 1.3562 mg / (cubic cm). The molar mass of methane is 16.04 g / mol and molar mass of ethane is 30.07 g / mol. (i) Find the mass % of methane and ethane in the natural gas. (ii) Find the average density of the natural gas mixture in the reservoir at zero degree Celsius and one atmosphere, by assuming that the gases are ideal where final volume of the gas mixture is the sum of volume of the individual gases at constant temperature and pressure. (iii) Find the average density of the natural gas mixture in the reservoir at zero degree Celsius and one atmosphere, by assuming that the final mass of the gas mixture is the sum of mass of the individual gases. Assume the gases are ideal where mole % = volume % at constant pressure and temperature.

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CHEMICAL ENERGY BALANCE - EXAMPLE 11.4 : Calculate the bubble temperature T at P = 85-kPa for a binary liquid with x(1) = 0.4. The liquid solution is ideal. The saturation pressures are Psat(1) = exp [ 14.3 - 2945 / (T + 224) ], Psat(2) = exp [ 14.2 - 2943 / (T + 209) ] where T is in degree Celsius. Please take note that x(1) + x(2) = 1. Please take note that y(1) + y(2) = 1, y(1) = [ x(1) * Psat(1) ] / P, y(2) = [ x(2) * Psat(2) ] / P, * is multiplication. P is in kPa.

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