What is the endosymbiotic hypothesis about the origin of mitochondria? What are the molecular facts that support the hypothesis? To which other cellular organelles the hypothesis can also be applied?
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Answer / Prem Shankar Jha
The Endosymbiotic Hypothesis suggests that mitochondria originated from aerobic bacteria that lived within ancient eukaryotic cells. Molecular evidence supporting this includes: similarities in genetic code, structure, and function between mitochondria and bacteria; the presence of bacterial components like peptidoglycan and 70S ribosomes in mitochondria; and the double membrane structure of mitochondria resembling that of a cell engulfing another. The Endosymbiotic Theory can also be applied to chloroplasts, which are believed to have originated from cyanobacteria.
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