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What is the endosymbiotic hypothesis about the origin of mitochondria? What are the molecular facts that support the hypothesis? To which other cellular organelles the hypothesis can also be applied?

Answer Posted / Prem Shankar Jha

The Endosymbiotic Hypothesis suggests that mitochondria originated from aerobic bacteria that lived within ancient eukaryotic cells. Molecular evidence supporting this includes: similarities in genetic code, structure, and function between mitochondria and bacteria; the presence of bacterial components like peptidoglycan and 70S ribosomes in mitochondria; and the double membrane structure of mitochondria resembling that of a cell engulfing another. The Endosymbiotic Theory can also be applied to chloroplasts, which are believed to have originated from cyanobacteria.

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