Question 100 - (a) Time evolution in Heisenberg picture, according to Ehrenfest theorem is m (d / dt) < r > = < p >, where m = mass, r = position, p = momentum of a particle. If v = velocity, prove that m < v > = < p >. (b) Lande g-factor is given by Gj = Gl [ J (J + 1) - S (S + 1) + L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ] + Gs [ J (J + 1) + S (S + 1) - L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ]. If Gl = 1 and under approximation of Gs = 2, prove by calculation that Gj = (3/2) + [ S (S + 1) - L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ].
Answer 100 - (a) Let (d / dt) < r > = < v >. Substitute it into m (d / dt) < r > = < p > so that m < v > = < p >, proven by momentum = mass x velocity. (b) Gj = Gl [ J (J + 1) - S (S + 1) + L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ] + Gs [ J (J + 1) + S (S + 1) - L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ]. When Gl = 1 and Gs = 2, Gj = [ J (J + 1) - S (S + 1) + L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ] + 2 [ J (J + 1) + S (S + 1) - L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ] = [ J (J + 1) + 2J (J + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ] + [ 2S (S + 1) - 2L (L + 1) - S (S + 1) + L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ] = [ 3J (J + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ] + [ S (S + 1) - L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ] = (3/2) + [ S (S + 1) - L (L + 1) ] / [ 2J (J + 1) ] (proven). The answer is given by Kang Chuen Tat; PO Box 6263, Dandenong, Victoria VIC 3175, Australia; SMS +61405421706; chuentat@hotmail.com; http://kangchuentat.wordpress.com.
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ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 34.13 : (i) In the Present Value Multiplication Rule, let PV = present value, Ra = interest rate for first discount, A = duration for first discount; Rc = interest rate for second discount, C = duration for second discount. Let PV = [ 1 / (1 + Ra) ^ A ] [ 1 / (1 + Rc) ^ C ] where ^ is the symbol of power : 3 ^ 2 = 3 x 3, 2 ^ 3 = 2 x 2 x 2. (a) For discounts involving 8 % / year for 3 years and 10 % / year for 9 years, find the value of PV. (b) If Re = interest rate for third discount, E = duration of third discount, form a mathematical equation of PV as a function of A, C, E, Ra, Rc, Re. Note : Discounts are available in the purchase of certain biochemical engineering instruments. (ii) Let R = nominal interest rate related to growth rate of money, r = real interest rate related to growth rate of purchase power. If I = inflation, where the unit of R, r and I is %, find the mathematical relatonship of r as a function of R and I.
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