Answer / linto k. john

Sodium Meta Bi Sulfite (SMBS) is used as a dechlorination agent.
It is widely used in the water treatment industry. The free chlorine in water causes oxidation of RO/Nano Filtration membranes and affect the performance of treatment system.
The basic chemistry behind the dechlorination process is as follows

Chlorine may be either chlorine gas or hypochlorites of sodium or calcium.
When combined with water they hydrolyse to form hypochlorous acid.
1. Cl2 + H2O = HOCl + HCl
2. NaOCl + H2O = HOCl + NaOH
3. Ca(OCl)2 + 2 H2O = 2HOCl + Ca(OH)2

Sodium Meta Bi Sulfite dissolves (SMBS) in water to form Sodium Bi sulfite (SBS)
NaS2O5 + H2O = 2NaHSO3

Sodium bi sulfite react with Hypochlorous acid as follows
2NaHSO3 + 2HOCl = Na2SO4 + H2SO4 + 2HCl

Explain how can one determine if a particular solid can be fluidized as in a fluidized bed?

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Question 48 - Let a ^ 2 = a x a and a ^ 3 = a x a x a where ^ is power function. Niobium is a metal with a body-centered cubic structure. The length of the unit cell structure is b = 0.3349 nm. (a) Find the volume for a unit cell structure for niobium. (b) There are 2 atoms per unit cell structure of niobium. The metal has a molar mass of 92.9 g / mol. One mole of the metal consists of 6.02 x 10 ^ 23 atoms. Find the mass of niobium per unit cell and the density of niobium.

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how many TDS & TOTAL HARDNESS, PH of drinking water is recomanded for human being use.

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ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 34.13 : (i) In the Present Value Multiplication Rule, let PV = present value, Ra = interest rate for first discount, A = duration for first discount; Rc = interest rate for second discount, C = duration for second discount. Let PV = [ 1 / (1 + Ra) ^ A ] [ 1 / (1 + Rc) ^ C ] where ^ is the symbol of power : 3 ^ 2 = 3 x 3, 2 ^ 3 = 2 x 2 x 2. (a) For discounts involving 8 % / year for 3 years and 10 % / year for 9 years, find the value of PV. (b) If Re = interest rate for third discount, E = duration of third discount, form a mathematical equation of PV as a function of A, C, E, Ra, Rc, Re. Note : Discounts are available in the purchase of certain biochemical engineering instruments. (ii) Let R = nominal interest rate related to growth rate of money, r = real interest rate related to growth rate of purchase power. If I = inflation, where the unit of R, r and I is %, find the mathematical relatonship of r as a function of R and I.

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THERMODYNAMIC - EXAMPLE 10.1 : The water is superheated steam at 440 degree Celsius and 17.32 megapascals. Estimate the enthalpy of the steam above. From the steam table for water at 440 degree Celsius, enthalpy of steam, h at 18 megapascals is 3103.7 kilojoules per kilogram and at 16 megapascal is 3062.8 kilojoules per kilogram. Assume that h = mP + c where P is pressure; m and c are constants at fixed temperature with small differences in P.

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ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 34.8 : Cash flow agreement where the sign + or - of the amounts are start negative and at a point switch to positive and stay positive is referred to has an investment. The cash flow could be denoted by the symbol of [a, b, c ...]. Consider the following two cases in a biochemical factory : (a) You pay $1 today. You receive $1.05, one year from now. (b) You pay $3 today. You receive $5, one year from today. You pay $2, two years from today. Determine if cases (a) and (b) are an investment or a business transaction with cash flow symbol. Find the interest rate r in the cash flow in both cases (a) and (b).

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QUANTUM BIOLOGY - EXAMPLE 33.2 : (a) In a biomolecule, ATP hydrolysis will produce 3 kcal / mol to 60 kcal / mol of energy, according to energy scale. Find the range of such energy generation if 2 moles of molecules involved. (b) A formula is given by ln P = ln a + b ln W where P = metabolic rate, W = body size, a = dependent of taxa, b = scaling exponent. If b is approximately 1 for plant, and b is approximately 0.75 for animal, find the relationship of P as a function of a and W in plant.

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which chemical reaction has the maximum evolution of heat?

3 Answers   IOCL,

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What are the reasons of removal of particles from effluent gas?

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what is the relation between velocity & pressure. tel me if pressure in water line is increased what wil b effect on velocity ?

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What are the criteria’s involved in choosing mass balances for components?

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NATURAL GAS ENGINEERING - QUESTION 26.3 : The United States of America Energy Information Administration reports the following emissions in million metric tons of carbon dioxide in the world for year 2012 : Natural gas : 6799, petroleum : 11695, coal : 13787. Coal-fired electric power generation emits around 2000 pounds of carbon dioxide for every megawatt hour generated, which is almost double the carbon dioxide released by a natural gas-fired electric plant per megawatt hour generated. If 1 metric ton = 1000 kg and 1 pound = 0.4536 kg, estimate the total energy generated by natural gas in the world for year 2012, in gigawatt hour.

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