Answer / welcomeashwin

PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT allows to associate an Oracle error
number with the name of a user-defined error. Here you need
to defined user-defined exception before it is used in
PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT. There are two parameters: exception
name and error code.

RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR allows to create meaningful error
msg.it works with un-named user defined exceptions. It
associates the number of the error with the text of the
error. Therefore, the user-defined exception does nat have a
name associated with it. There are three parameter:
err_number, err_msg, keep-err

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