When it functions as a "second messenger", cAMP a) acts outside the cell to influence cellular processes. b) acts "second in importance" to AMP. c) activates all cytosolic protein kinases. d) activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

The reduction-oxidation (Redox) potentials of NADH and FADH2 show that the following reaction is spontaneous: a) FADH2 + NAD+ --> FAD + NADH b) FADH2 + NADP+ --> FAD + NADPH c) NADH + FAD --> NAD+ + FADH2 d) Reactions a) and b) are both spontaneous

The ATP synthase of bacteria is an Fl-like particle attached to the a) ends of proto-mitochondria. b) inner surface of the cell (or plasma) membrane. c) outer surface of the cell (or plasma) membrane. d) surface of protonic vesicles.

The yield of ATP/glucose unit in glycolysis with glycogen as the glucose source is a) 2.0 b) 2.5 c) 3.0 d) 4.0

What was the primary antibody that was used?

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Describe how you used that antibody to visualize β-gal protein?

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Review your data from the entire module. Say we ask you to redo the purification.Is there any step that you could eliminate? Which one? Why can you eliminate it?

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Why do proteins that recognize specific DNA sequences usually bind in the major groove of DNA?

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An unusual structure is formed at the 5? end of each cellular mRNA. What is it? After this has formed, does the mRNA have a 5? terminus? Explain.

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Splicing of pre-mRNA involves an unusual phosphodiester bond. Why is it unusual? What parts of the intron/exon form this bond?

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Many genes are regulated in both a negative and a positive manner. The genes mediating lactose metabolism in bacteria are a classical example. What are the two small molecule ligands that control expression of these genes? What does each one do?

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Some proteins profoundly alter the structure of DNA when they bind, bending it far out of its standard B configuration. Where do you think the energy comes from to distort the DNA?

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Is there a biochemical test for maltose?

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When starch reacts with iodine, why does it create the characteristic blue-black colour?

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Explain about RESPIRATION ?