Answer / swapna

Scientists at the National Human Genome Research Institute
(NHGRI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have for
the first time precisely identified a gene abnormality that
causes some cases of Parkinson's disease. The gene spells
out instructions for a protein called alpha synuclein. In
the abnormal version of the gene, the researchers found a
mutation in a single base pair - one incorrect letter in
the string of more than 400 that compose the instructions
for making the protein. Because the normal gene plays a
role in the function of nerve cells, the finding gives
researchers a powerful new tool for understanding cellular
abnormalities in Parkinson's disease and demonstrates a
connection between Parkinson's disease research and
research into other neurological disorders, such as
Alzheimer's disease.

Answer / emanslail

Approximately 15 percent of people with Parkinson disease have a family history of this disorder. Familial cases of Parkinson disease can be caused by mutations in the LRRK2, PARK7, PINK1, PRKN, or SNCA gene, or by alterations in genes that have not been identified. Mutations in some of these genes may also play a role in cases that appear to be sporadic (not inherited).

Among familial cases of Parkinson disease, the inheritance pattern differs depending on the gene that is altered. If the LRRK2 or SNCA gene is involved, the disorder is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of an altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In most cases, an affected person has one parent with the condition.

If the PARK7, PINK1, or PRKN gene is involved, Parkinson disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. This type of inheritance means that two copies of the gene in each cell are altered. Most often, the parents of an individual with autosomal recessive Parkinson disease each carry one copy of the altered gene but do not show signs and symptoms of the disorder.

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