Answer / Somesh Gupta

Bacteria Blu-o-gal is a strain of Escherichia coli that carries the beta-galactosidase gene under the control of a lac operon. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of X-Gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside) into indigo, resulting in a blue colony when grown on selective media containing X-Gal. The presence of beta-galactosidase can be used as an indicator for the expression of genes downstream of the lac operon.

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