Answer / rani

Constant pointer cannot be reassigned to different objects
once its initialized. It can be used to modify the object
that it points to.

Eg.
int *const constPtr;

*constPtr =0; //can be modified like this

Pointer to constant can be reassigned to point to another
object of same type.

int const *ptrConst;

ptrConst = 0;

Answer / monika sethi

CONSTANT POINTER: A pointer will always point to one
object.it is initialized at the time of declaration.
e.g
int i=20,j;
int* const p=&i;
cout<<*p; //will print 20
*p=30;//works....i.e the value pointed by the constant
pointer can be changed
//now if write
p=&j;//error

POINTER TO CONSTANT

it can be declared as
const int *p;
or
int const *p;
int i=10,j=30;
p=&i;
cout<<*p;
*p=10//error...the value is constant pointed by p
//pointer p is not constant so it can now point to another
variable of integer type
//so if we write
p=&j //it will now point to a variable j

that's all.........

Answer / satish

char * const p; ->it is const pointer to char
const char * p; ->it is pointer to const char

Answer / sanjay

Pointer to a consttant ::: such that the value to which
pointer points can't be changed
const int *ptr1=7
*ptr=8 // invalid
constant pointer :::: pointer direction can't be cheged .
int *const x =6;
x=7 or x=&i // invalid
Location of pointer can't be chenged.

Answer / surya mukherjee

//POINTER TO CONSTANT vs CONSTANT POINTER

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>

//POINTER TO CONSTANT

void f1()
{
int i=10,j=20;
const int* pi=&i;
cout<<*pi<<endl;
//*pi = 200; ERROR : CANNOT MODIFY A CONST OBJECT IN f1()
pi=&j; // IT CAN POINT ANOTHER CONSTANT
cout<<*pi<<endl;
}

//CONSTANT POINTER

void f2()
{
int i=100,j;
int* const pi=&i;
cout<<*pi<<endl;
*pi = 200; // IT CAN ASSIGN ANOTHER VALUE AT THIS ADDRESS
cout<<*pi<<endl;
//pi=&j; ERROR : CANNOT MODIFY A CONST OBJECT IN f2()
}


void main()
{
clrscr();
f1();
f2();
getch();
}

Answer / satyajit nayak

Hello All,
AS name suggested things are very simple.
1.Constant pointer
======================
it's nothing but a
(i)pointer which is pointing to a constant memory
location.
(ii)Once this pointer is assigned to point some location
we cann't make it to locate some other address location.
(iii)So constant pointer should be initialized at the
point of declaration only.

Example
=========
1. int main()
{
int * const my_ptr; //now my_ptr point to garbage
location
int var=10;
my_ptr=&var; //trying to modify my_ptr location.so
gives ERROR
}
so correct way of assignment is like
int main()
{
int var=10;
int * const my_ptr=&var;
printf("Addr=%x,val=%d",my_ptr,*my_ptr);
}

Answer / jose j pothoor

I see ur explanation...then what would be the answer of
below program

void main()
{
int const *p=5;
printf("%d",++(*p));
}
a)5
b)6
c) Run time error
d) Compiler error

Answer / jamili reddy

int i =12;
int * const ptr = 24; //constant pointer

you can't change the ptr value

const int *ptr = 24;//ptr to a constant

int const * ptr = 24;//ptr to a constant


you can't change the value at ptr

Answer / rudra prasad panda

Pointer is a variable containing the addres of another
variable;
Constant pointer is a variable which points to a variable
constantly.it means that , once it is initialised,it cannot
be changed.Till the end of program,it points to that
variable only;
EXAMPLE:
char k,m;
const char *p=&k;
p=&m;//(syntax error)

********
A pointer to a constant is a pointer such that the contents
of the variable(pointed by the pointer)cannot be modified
throuhg the pointer;
EXAMPLE:
char m='l';
char * const p;
p=&m;
*p='u';//syntax error
m='k';//no syntax error

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In a hierarchy, social dominance is usually established according to physical superiority; the classic example is that of a pecking order among domestic fowl. The dominance hierarchy may be viewed as a means of social control that reduces the incidence of attack within a group. Once established, the hierarchy is rarely threatened by disputes because the inferior animal immediately submits when confronted by a superior. Two basic types of aggressive behavior are common to most species: attack and defensive threat. Each type involves a particular pattern of physiological and behavioral responses, which tends not to vary regardless of the stimulus that provokes it. For example, the pattern of attack behavior in cats involves a series of movements, such as stalking, biting, seizing with the forepaws and scratching with tile hind legs, that changes very little regardless of the stimulus—that is, regardless of who or what the cat is attacking. The cat’s defensive threat response offers another set of closely linked physiological and behavioral patterns. The cardiovascular system begins to pump blood at a faster rate, in preparation for sudden physical activity. The eves narrow and the ears flatten against the side of the cat’s head for protection, and other vulnerable areas of the body such as the stomach and throat are similarly contracted. Growling or hissing noises and erect fur also signal defensive threat. As with the attack response, this pattern of responses is generated with little variation regardless of the nature of the stimulus. Are these aggressive patterns of attack and defensive threat innate, genetically programmed, or are they learned? The answer seems to be a combination of both. A mouse is helpless at birth, but by its l2th day of life can assume a defensive threat position by backing up on its hind legs. By the time it is one month old, the mouse begins to exhibit the attack response. Nonetheless, copious evidence suggests that animals learn and practice aggressive behavior; one need look no further than the sight of a kitten playing with a ball of string. All the elements of attack—stalking, pouncing, biting, and shaking—are part of the game that prepares the kitten for more serious situations later in life. 7) The passage asserts that animal social hierarchies are generally stable because: a) the behavior responses of the group are known by all its members. b) the defensive threat posture quickly stops most conflicts. c) inferior animals usually defer to their physical superior. d) the need for mutual protection from other species inhibits conspecific aggression. 8) According to the author, what is the most significant physiological change undergone by a cat assuming the defensive threat position? a) An increase in cardiovascular activity b) A sudden narrowing of the eyes c) A contraction of the abdominal muscles d) The author does not say which change is most significant 9) Based on the information in the passage about agonistic behavior, it is reasonable to conclude that: I. the purpose of agonistic behavior is to help ensure the survival of the species. 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