Discuss the social and ideological background to the rise of the Marathas under Shivaji.
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Answer / Deepak Agarwal
The rise of the Marathas under Shivaji was influenced by a complex interplay of social, political, and religious factors.nSocially, the Marathas were a warrior caste known for their martial skills. They were spread across various regions in Maharashtra and had long resisted the Mughal domination. Shivaji, as a member of the Maratha caste, drew on this tradition of resistance and martial prowess.nPolitically, the decline of the Mughal Empire during the 17th century provided an opportunity for regional powers to assert their independence. Shivaji exploited this vacuum and established his own Maratha kingdom with its capital at Raigarh fort.nIdeologically, Shivaji's rise was also influenced by the Bhakti movement, which emphasized devotion to Hindu gods and promoted social reform. Many of Shivaji's advisors were prominent Bhakti saints like Tukaram and Ramdas. This ideological background helped legitimize Shivaji's rule and provide a cohesive vision for the Maratha kingdom.
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