1. User gaves df -h and the system get hanged. why ?
2. what is the hardlink and softlink mount ?
3. why is portmape should be started ?
4. what is nologin option
5. how to restrict users from accessing nfs ?
6. what is the difference between cpio and tar
7. what are the kernel parameters ? how to find out it ?
8. why we use sysctl.conf ?
9. if we gives init1 from multiuser runlevel, will it affect
other users who already logged in to the system ?
10. what will be the available space to use after
configuering raid5 with 5 disks each having 5gb spce ?



1. User gaves df -h and the system get hanged. why ? 2. what is the hardlink and softlink mount ? ..

Answer / Mayank Kumar Dixit

(1) A 'df -h' command may cause the system to hang if there is an issue with the disk or file system, such as a full filesystem or a corrupted inodes table.n(2) A hardlink is a reference to a single file on the same file system, whereas a softlink (symbolic link) points to another file or directory.n(3) Portmapper daemon is used to translate program numbers into network addresses and port numbers.n(4) The nologin option is used in shell scripts to prevent users from logging into a system.n(5) To restrict users from accessing NFS, you can set up permissions on the shared directories or use access control lists (ACLs).n(6) Cpio and tar are both archiving utilities but cpio allows for more flexible archives as it supports various file formats and filter programs.n(7) Kernel parameters, also known as boot parameters, are variables that determine the behavior of the kernel at startup. You can view them by running 'cat /proc/cmdline' or 'dmesg'.n(8) Sysctl.conf is a configuration file used to set system variables (sysctls).n(9) Init1 from multiuser runlevel will not affect users who are already logged in, but it will reboot the system and log them out.n(10) With RAID5, the total available space is equal to the sum of individual disk sizes minus the overhead required for the parity information. In this case, with 5 disks of 5GB each, you would have approximately 16.67GB usable space.

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