According to Shockley equation, the I – V characteristic of a diode is approximated by I = IS [ exp (nVD / VT) – 1 ]. For silicon, let the reverse bias saturation current IS as 0.000000000001. If n is ideality factor with value of 1.5, VT as thermal voltage drop of 0.026 V at room temperature, what is the value of current I that passes through the silicon diode in the heater of evaporator when the forward voltage drop VD = 0.026 V? Please take note that exp is the exponential function with e(1) = 2.718, e(2) = 7.389.

In a Laplace Transform Table, the Laplace transfer function of f(t) is F(s). When d(t) = f(t) then 1 = F(s). When x(t) = f(t) then X(s) = F(s). If d(t) is the impulse of a spring when d(t) = kx(t), then derive the equation for the impulse of a spring as X(s) in term of k. Next question : A controller has a transfer function a and the other controller has a transfer function b. The overall transfer function of both controllers is ab. What is the transfer function overall when both controllers have similar transfer function 1 / (Cs k)?

In differential centrifugation of cells with diameter D in centimeter, the square of D is given by D x D = [18n ln (RF / RI) ] / [ (RP – RFF) Wt ] where n is the fluid viscosity (poise), RF is the final radius of rotation (cm), RI is the initial radius of rotation (cm), RP is cell density (g/ml), RFF is the fluid density (g/ml), W the square for the rotational velocity in (radians / s) (radians / s), t is the time required to sediment from RI to RF (s). Derive an equation for W as a function for D, n, RF, RI, RP, RFF and t, with the stated units above, in radian

At 150 degree Celsius, a mixture of 40 wt % Sn and 60 wt % Pb present, forming phases of alpha and beta. Chemical composition of Sn at each phase : CO (overall) : 40 %, CA (alpha) : 11 %, CB (beta) : 99 %. (a) State 2 reasons for the existences of alpha and beta phases for the mixture of Sn – Pb at 150 degree Celsius. (b) By using Lever Rule, calculate the weight fraction of each phase for alpha, WA = Q / (P Q) and beta, WB = P / (P Q) where Q = CB – CO and P = CO – CA.

Solve the first order differential equation : (Z 1)(dy/dx) = xy in term of ln |y| = f(x). Z = (x)(x).

In a selection of suitable heating equipment for drying of crystals of biochemical, the one of the lowest current consumption will be chosen for safety consideration. Selection is available : (A) 120 V microwave oven 1800 W. (B) 240 V conventional oven 11000 W. Which one should be chosen and why?

A cantilever beam of length L = 3 m carries a uniformly distributed load (UDL) of W = 20 N / m throughout the length. Calculate the bending moment, BM of the beam near the fixed end. What is the shear force, SF at this point? Let SF = -WL, BM = -LWL/2.

Question 27 – By using Excel or other easiest programming package, explain how I, the integral of sin x dx from 0 to 3.142 could be approximated using random number. Find the exact value of I.

For a Vernier scale of representative fraction (RF) = 1 / 25, calculate the length of the scale for the reading up to 4 metres.

Question 29 – For a Vernier scale that consists of 0.11 cm per section, estimate the length on actual standard ruler of 0.1 cm per section for 2.39 m and 0.91 m.

Question 30 – Solve the simultaneous equation using simple Excel program : r + s – t = 7, 2r – s = 0, 3r + 2t = 15. Explain the use of functions of MINVERSE and MMULT together with the keyboard C (Ctrl) + S (Shift) + E (Enter).

Question 31 – For liquid benzene, the CP constants are : a = 129440, b = - 169.5, c = 0.64781. Reference temperature is 298 K. The temperature of benzene is 60 degree Celsius. Calculate the enthalpy of benzene by using the formula H = a (DT) + (b/2) (T^2 – TREF^2) + (c/3) (T^3 – TREF^3) where ^ is power, DT is temperature difference with TREF = 298 K. H is in J / kmol. DT = T – TREF.

Question 32 – Let 1 ^ 1 = 1, 2 ^ 2 = 4, 3 ^ 3 = 27. By using the Excel computer programming – either by Solver or Goal Seek, find the value of v for the Van der Waals equation (P – a / v ^2) (v - b) = RT where a = 18.82, b = 0.1193, P = 2, R = 0.082, T = 5000 for benzene. Describe briefly how to use Solver and Goal Seek in Excel program of computer to find the solution quickly.

Question 33 – By using Excel program either on laptop or desktop PC, solve the differential equation dy / dx = -2y + x + 4 with h = 0.005, initial values : x = 0, y = 1. The 4th order Runge-Kutta method provides : y(N + 1) = y(N) + (1/6) (k1 + 2k2 +2k3 + k4), k1 = h [ -2y(N) + x(N) + 4 ], k2 = h { -2 [ y(N) + k1 / 2 ] + x(N) + h / 2 + 4 }, k3 = h { -2 [ y(N) + k2 / 2 ] + x(N) + h / 2 + 4 }, k4 = h { -2 [ y(N) + k3 ] + x(N) + h + 4 }. What is the value of y at x = 0.5?

Question 34 – In the distillation of binary systems by Mc Cabe Thiele method, the equation for the line of top section is given by y = [ R / (R + 1) ] x + XD / (R + 1). 2 points on the line are (0.99, 0.99) and (0, 0.36). Find the reflux ratio of R and XD.