Explain all codd's rules for relational database system?

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Explain all codd's rules for relational database system?..

Answer / Amit Agrawal

"Codd's 12 Rules for a Relational Database System are a set of guidelines to ensure the system's relational capabilities:
1. Information Rule: The information is stored in a collection of related tables.
2. Integrity Rule: Each table has integrity constraints defined on it.
3. Complete and Consistent Access: All data can be accessed without loss of information.
4. Atomicity Rule: Each transaction should be atomic, indivisible, and irrevocable.
5. Closure Rule: If a relation R1 is related to relation R2, and R2 is related to R3, then R1 is related to R3.
6. Reductio Ad Absurdum Rule: The system must be able to prove that a query has no solution (as opposed to only finding solutions).
7. Component Integrity Rule: Attempts to insert or delete data should be checked against integrity constraints.
8. View Updating Rule: All views defined by the system must be updatable.
9. System Catalog Rule: The system's metadata is managed in a relational way.n10. Materialized View Updating Rule: Materialized views can be updated automatically.n11. Active Database Rule: An RDBMS should allow users to add, delete, or modify the schema while the database is being used.n12. High-Level Insert Rule: An RDBMS should allow a user to insert a record into a table by specifying only those values that are relevant to the individual row (not all columns of the table)."

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