What is the working mechanism of OLTC in Power Transformers????

What is the problem, if a circuit breaker is not closing.

RELAY 1. REF RELAY : • OPERATION WITH CT CURRENT FLOW DIRECTION. • WHY REF RELAY WHEN DIFFERENTIAL RELAY IS THERE. • REF RELAY STABILITY CHECK BY PRIMARY INJECTION – WHICH POINT FOR CUR RENT INJECTION. • WHY REF RELAY NEED STABILISING RESISTOR. IF RESISTOR SHORTED OR BYPASSED, WHAT WILL HAPPEN. • WHICH TYPE OF RELAY FOR REF, HIGH IMPEDANCE OR LOW IMPEDANCE. • IF NEUTRAL CT IS NOT CONNECTED IN THE CIRCUIT, WHAT WILL HAPPEN. • REF PROTECTION ACTS ON WHICH OF FOLLOWING: SINGLE PH. TO E/F; PH-PH TO E/F; THREE PH. TO E/F. 2. DISTANCE RELAY : • BASIC PRINCIPLE AND TYPES • SWITCHED MODE PROTECTION – WHY IS IT CALLED SO. • SCHEMES USED • WHY ZONE-1 SET AT 80% • SETTING RANGE FOR ZONE-2 AND ZONE-3 • HOW SINGLE PHASE TO GROUND FAULT MEASUREMENT IS DONE. • 3. WHAT IS POLARITY. CT LOCATION IF INTERCHANGED WHAT WILL HAPPEN. 4. SOLKOR RELAY: 1. WHY SOLKOR IS USED. 2. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF SOLKOR RELAY 3. DIFFERENT PARTS OF RELAY 4. HOW IT WORKS. 5. EXPLAIN BY VECTOR DIGRAM. 6. WHAT ADVANTAGE FOR USING SUMMATION TR. 7. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN R & RF WITH CIRCUIT. 8. ADJUSTMENT OF PADDING RESISTANCE. 9. WHAT IS LEAKAGE CURRENT AND HOW TO MEASURE. 10. WHAT HAPPEN IF LINK IS LEFT OPEN. 11. 5KV/15KV INSULATION TR. ARE USED IN WHICH SYSTEM. 12. WHAT PRECAUTION TAKEN DURING TESTING. Relay Page 1 of 5 13. PROCEDURE BEFORE TESTING AND AFTER NORMALISATION. 14. HOW RELAY IS TESTED IN LIVE CONDITION. 15. RANGE OF SPILL CURRENT ANS SETTING OF RELAY 16. IF MEASURED CURRENT IS 5MILLI AMPS, CAN RELAY OPERATE. 17. EACH FAULT APPROXIMATE VALUE OF PICK UP. 18. WHAT IS THE REASON SOLKOR-R MODE PILOT SHORTED CONDITION RELAY CURRENT PRESENT. 19. AFTER SHUTDOWN, WHY NEED TO OPEN SOLKOR PILOT, IF NOT WHAT WILL HAPPEN. 20. AFTER NORMALISING WHAT CURRENT TO BE MEASURED, WHAT IS ACCEPTABLE LIMIT. 21. WHAT HAPPENS IF PILOT OPENS FROM RELAY, WHEN FEEDER IS LOADED. 22. CAN WE USE THIS RELAY AS O/C OR E/F RELAY. 23. ANY RELAY OTHER THAN PILOT CABLE TYPE. 24. IF FEEDER TRIPS ON SOLKOR, WHAT TO DO. 25. WHAT HAPPENS IF PILOT POLARITY REVERSE. 26. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN CT SHORTED AT ONE END. 27. WHAT HAPPENS IF PILOT SHORTED – STATUS OF RELAY 28. WHAT HAPPENS TO RELAY ,IF POWER CABLE GETS OPEN. 29. WHAT HAPPEN IF PADDING RESISTOR IS SHORTED AT ONE END. 5. TR. DIFFERENTIAL: 1. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 2. DIRECTION OF FAULT CURRENT. 3. WHEN THE FAULT IS IN ZONE AND OUT OF ZONE. 4. CT CONNECTION IN PY. AND SY. SIDE. 5. BIAS SETTING AND BIAS CURRENT. 6. WHICH BIAS SETTING USED IN TRS. FOR HIGHER TAPS. 7. PURPOSE OF RESTRAINING BIAS COIL. 8. WHY BIASING REQUIRED. 9. EXPLAIN IPCT, FOR EXAMPLE, DYN10 VECTOR GROUP. WHY MATCHING TR. USED. 10. WHY NEED 2ND HARMONIC BLOCKING DURING INRUSH. 11. WHICH HARMONIC IS MORE 2ND OR 3RD. 12. HOW TO AVOID FALSE TRIPPING IN DIFF. PROTECTION WHEN INRUSH CURRENT FLOW DURING TR. IS ENERGISED. Relay Page2 of5 6. DIRECTIONAL RELAY: 1. CIRCUIT FOR USE OF DIRECTIONAL PROTECTION SYSTEM. 2. WORKING ZONE / NON-WORKING ZONE. 3. HOW THE CORRECT DIRECTION OF FLOW OF CURRENT IS DETERMINED. 4. CT & PT CONNECTION DIAGRAM. 5. SETTING OF PHASE & EARTH FAULT ANGLE AND OPERATING REGION. 6. WHICH DIRECTION IT IS PROTECTING. 7. WHAT PROTECTION AVAILABLE FOR POWER TR. 8. WHY CT CONNECTION IS STAR, IF TR. WINDING IS DELTA. 9. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN REF AND DIFF. RELAY 10. WHERE IS O/C & E/F RELAY CONNECTED EITHER HV SIDE OR LV SIDE AND HOW E/F RELAY WORKS IF TR. WINDING IS DELTA CONNECTED. 11. IN DELTA WINDING OF TR., IF ONE WINDING IS CUT AND NOT EARTHED, WHICH PROTECTION WILL ACT. 12. IF DIFF. & REF RELAY ARE NOT WORKING, WHAT IS BACK UP PROTECTION IN TR. 13. WHAT IS PURPOSE OF NGR AND HOW STANDBY E/F RELAY WORKING, TESTING PRECAUTIONS IF COMMON NGR IS USED. 14. WHAT IS PROTECTIVE ZONE OF STANDBY E/F RELAY. 15. WHAT ARE PROTECTION AVAILABLE FOR FEEDER. 16. AFTER TR. IS NORMALISED, WHAT CURRENT TO BE MEASURED. 17. BUSBAR PROTECTION: a. BASIC PRINCIPLE AND DIAGRAM WITH CURRENT DIRECTION. b. WHY OVER LAPPING CT’S REQUIRED, IF NOT WHAT WILL BE THE EFFECT. c. WHY CT SUPERVISION REQUIRED, HOW TRIPPING IS AVOIDED, WHAT IS CT SUPERVISION SETTING VALUE. d. HIGH IMPEDANCE & LOW IMPEDANCE TYPE e. TEST PROCEDURE(STEP BY STEP) f. AFTER NORMALISING, SPILL CURRENT VALUE AND LIMIT. Relay Page3of5 18. CIRCUIT BREAKER FAILURE – FUNCTION, WHY NEEDED, HOW TRIPPING ARRANGEMENT. 19. WHY INSTANTANEOUS ELEMENT IS NOT USED IN THE NETWORK. 20. WHEN FEEDER IS LIVE AND BY MISTAKE LINE EARTH SWITCH IS CLOSED, WHICH RELAY OPERATES – O/C OR E/F. 21. DURING TR. SWITCHING ON, IF DIFF. RELAY IS BLOCKED BY 2ND HARMONICS, WHAT ARE THE OTHER PROTECTION IN SERVICE. 22. WHICH OF FOLLOWING PROTECTION OPERATES FAST, WHEN 11KV CABLE COMPARTMENT GET FLASH OVER: CABLE DIFFERENTIAL; OVERCURRENT & EARTH FAULT; ARC PROTECTION. 23. WHICH PROTECTION OPERATES WHEN ANY ONE OF THE OHL PHASE IS CUT AND HANGING, NOT TOUCHED WITH EARTH. 24. WHAT ARE DIFFERENT TTB ALARMS – HOW YOU KNOW THERE IS ANY ALARM. 25. WHAT IS CIRCULATING CURRENT AND HOW IT WILL COME. 26. IF ONE TR. TRIPPED ON DIFF. RELAY WHAT YOU WILL DO. 27. IF SUB-STATION TRIP ON BUSBAR PROTECTION, HOW YOU WILL RESTORE. 28. WHAT IS CT SATURATION. HOW IT IS CARRIED OUT. 29. D.C EARTH FAULT – HOW YOU WILL FIND OUT. Relay Page 4 of5 30. PILOT WIRE SUPERVISION – HOW IT WORKS 31. IN 11KV SWITCHGEAR DBB SCHEME, ONE E/F RELAY IS FAULTY IN ONE FEEDER AND THERE IS NO SPARE FEEDER – HOW YOU WILL NORMALISE THE FEEDER. 32. WHICH PROTECTION IS USED FOR LONG CABLE FEEDER 33. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRAFO. DIFF. AND CABLE DIFF. PROTECTION. 34. WHAT TYPE CHARACTERISTIC AVAILABLE FOR O/C AND E/F RELAY. 35. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STATIC AND ELECTRO- MECHANICAL O/C RELAYS. 36. WHAT IS DEAD ZONE 37. HOW TRIPPING OF OTHER ZONE AVOIDED WHEN BUS SECTION CB IN OPEN CONDITION FOR DEAD ZONE FAULT. 38. IF OUT OF STEP ALARM COMES WHILE ALL TR. IN SAME TAP POSITION, WHAT YOU WILL DO. 39. WHAT YOU WILL DO IF AN 11KV FEEDER FAILED TO TRIP ON: O/C or E/F or SOLKOR. HOW YOU RESTORE THE SUPPLY. Relay Page 5 of5

TRAFO 1. WHY BREATHER IS USED. 2. WHY OIL GOES DOWN IN CONSERVATOR TANK. 3. WHY WE ARE TAKING OIL SAMPLE TAKING FROM BOTTOM OF TRANSFORMER. 4. HOW TO CHECK IR VALUE OF TRANSFORMER. 5. WHY OLTC HAVING BUCHHOLZ TRIP ONLY; WHY NO ALARM. 6. OFF LOAD TAP CHANGER OPERATION PROCEDURE. 7. TR. SHUTDOWN / ISOLATION PROCEDURE. 8. WHEN THREE TRS. IN PARALLEL, ONE TR. IS NOT SHARING THE LOAD – WHAT IS REASON AND WHAT YOU WILL DO. 9. WHY TR. HAS OLTC IN HV SIDE. 10. WHAT IS % IMPEDANCE. 11. WHY TR. RATING IN MVA. 12. WHAT IS VECTOR GROUP IN TR. 13. CONDITION FOR PARALLEL OPERATION OF TRS. 14. WHAT IS TERTIARY WINDING. WHERE IT WILL BE. 15. IF TR. TRIP ON BUCHHOLZ OR TAP CHANGER RELAY, WHAT YOU WILL DO. 16. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OIL TEMP. AND WINDING TEMP. PROTECTION 17. HOW WINDING TEMP. IS MEASURED IN CAST RESIN TR. 18. DIFFERENT TYPES OF FAULTS IN TR. Trafo - Page-1 of 2 19. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN TR. CHARGED FROM LV. 20. WHAT WILL YOU DO IF MEGGER READING SHOWS ZERO BETWEEN LV WINDING AND EARTH. 21. CAN WE INTERCHANGE BUCHHOLZ RELAY OF MAIN TANK AND OLTC TANK. 22. IF THE LINE BETWEEN BREATHER AND CONSERVATOR TANK 23. LOCKED, WHAT WILL HAPPEN DURING LOAD CYCLE. 24. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF OIL SEAL IN BREATHER. 25. WHAT ARE LOCATIONS FOR BUCHHOLZ RELAY FIXED IN POWER TR. 26. WHAT ARE CHECKS IN POWER TR. DURING MAINTENANCE. 27. WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN WE CHECK OLTC OPERATION DURING MAINTENANCE. Trafo - Page 2 of 2

By just seeing a transmission tower, how can we knew the voltage it carries..?[110kv, 220kv, 400kv...]???

is there any difference in reading or error in value, if we connect the R phase in Y terminal and Y phase in R terminal of electronic energy meter of 11 kv feerders???

we all know that both the generator and motor are electromechanical conversion devices.....then why we rate motor in kw and generator in kva????

Sir We have a REF relay connected to 10MVA(Y-Y) Transformer.on External earth fault REF relay trips along with earth fault relay.The REF relay has no complant as we tested relay.Why is it happening?

what is the voltage regulation constant of ACSR Raccoon conductor

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF SHORT CIRCUIT MAINTENANCE CT

IN THE CASE OF AN ELCB, IF THERE IS ANY UNSTABILITY BETWEEN PHASE AND NEUTRAL IT MAY TRIP. BUT MY QUESTION IS WHEN A LOAD IS CONNECTED IN BETWEEN P AND N, THE LOAD CONSUMES SOME POWER AND THERE IS A DIFFERENCE IN NEUTRAL WITH RESPECT TO THE PHASE. THUS ACCORDING TO ME, THE ELCB WILL AUTOMATICALLY OPERATES WHEN EVER THE LOAD CONSUMES-- I KNOW IT IS WRONG. BUT THE SOLUTION IS?????????

Can we connect two CT'S to one energymeter?

What is substation?

phase association of 3PH L&T static CT meter is wrong. means 1PH & 1 CT connected properly and other 2 voltage and CT's inter changed. what would be the impact in the reading?

Petroleum jelly is applied to the terminals of the lead acid battery is to prevent?