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25. It takes five minutes to pass a rumour from one person to two other persons. The tree of rumour continues. Find how many minutes does it take spread the rumour to 768 persons. ?

11 Answers CTS, TCS,

What is the output from this program? #include <stdio.h> void do_something(int *thisp, int that) { int the_other; the_other = 5; that = 2 + the_other; *thisp = the_other * that; } int main(void) { int first, second; first = 1; second = 2; do_something(&second, first); printf("%4d%4d\n", first, second); return 0; }

3 Answers

The OS is a program that uses various data structures. Like all programs in execution, you can determine the performance and other behavior of the OS by inspecting its state - the values stored in its data structures. In this part of the assignment, we study some aspects of the organization and behavior of a Linux system by observing values of kernel data structures exposed through the /proc virtual file system. The /proc virtual file system: Linux uses the /proc file system to collect information from kernel data structures. The /proc implementation provided with Linux can read many different kernel data structures. If you cd to /proc on a Linux machine, you will see a number of files and directories at that location. Files in this directory subtree each corresponds to some kernel data structure. The subdirectories with numeric names contain virtual files with information about the process whose process ID is the same as the directory name. Files in /proc can be read like ordinary ASCII files. You can open each file and read it using library routines such as fgets() or fscanf(). The proc (5) manual page explains the virtual files and their content available through the /proc file system. Requirements in detail: In this part, you are asked to write a program to report the behavior of the Linux kernel. Your program should run in two different versions. The default version should print the following values on stdout: • Processor type • Kernel version • The amount of memory configured into this computer • Amount of time since the system was last booted A second version of the program should run continuously and print lists of the following dynamic values (each value in the lists is the average over a specified interval): • The percentage of time the processor(s) spend in user mode, system mode, and the percentage of time the processor(s) are idle • The amount and percentage of available (or free) memory • The rate (number of sectors per second) of disk read/write in the system • The rate (number per second) of context switches in the kernel • The rate (number per second) of process creations in the system If your program (compiled executable) is called proc_parse, running it without any parameter should print out information required for the first version. Running it with two parameters "proc_parse <read_rate> <printout_rate>" should print out information required for the second version. read_rate represents the time interval between two consecutive reads on the /proc file system. printout_rate indicates the time interval over which the average values should be calculated. Both read_rate and printout_rate are in seconds. For instance, proc_parse 2 60 should read kernel data structures once every two seconds. It should then print out averaged kernel statistics once a minute (average of 30 samples). The second version of your program doesn't need to terminate.

0 Answers Cognos,

Explain how do you search data in a data file using random access method?

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