Answer Posted / koteraj

Top down design proceeds from the abstract entity to get to
the concrete design. Bottom up design proceeds from the
concrete design to get to the abstract entity.

Top down design is most often used in designing brand new
systems, while bottom up design is sometimes used when one
is reverse engineering a design; i.e. when one is trying to
figure out what somebody else designed in an existing system.

Bottom up design begins the design with the lowest level
modules or subsystems, and progresses upward to the main
program, module, or subsystem. With bottom up design, a
structure chart is necessary to determine the order of
execution, and the development of drivers is necessary to
complete the bottom up approach.

Top down design, on the other hand, begins the design with
the main or top-level module, and progresses downward to the
lowest level modules or subsystems.

Real life sometimes is a combination of top down design and
bottom up design. For instance, data modeling sessions tend
to be iterative, bouncing back and forth between top down
and bottom up modes, as the need arises.

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595

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568

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584

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Define stacks. Provide an example where they are useful.

567

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532

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can any one help to find a specific string between html tags which is changed to a sting.. weather.html looks (for location) is somewhere #include #include #include using namespace std; string find_field(string myPage,string); int main (void) { string page, line, location, temperature; ifstream inputFile("weather.xml"); while(getline(inputFile, line)) { page.append(line); line.erase(); } // Now page is a string that contains the whole xml page // Here you need to write something that finds and // extracts location and temperature from the XML // data in the string page and stores them in // the strings location and temperature respectively location=find_field(page,"location"); temperature=find_field(page,"temp_c"); cout << "Location: "<

1635

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How the programmer of a class should decide whether to declare member function or a friend function?

673

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Reads in the size of a square from the screen; 2. Prints a hollow square of that size out of “-“, “|” and blanks on screen; 3. Prints the same hollow square onto a text file. Your program should work for squares of all side sizes between 1 and 20. --- │ │ │ │ │ │ ---

1637

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Write a program which is required to process the time of a clock in hours and minutes, entered from the keyboard. With this program, there are two requirements for any data entered by a user: 1. The data must be of the correct type (in this case, two ints). 2. The data must be in the correct range: this means that, for the minutes, negative numbers and any number above 59 must be rejected; for the hours, negative numbers and any number above 23 must be rejected. Output error message for invalid data input. Output the time one and a half hour after the time input. i.e. Hour: 22 Min: 32 One and a half hour after 22:32 is 00:02

1498

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Explain selection sorting?

632

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610

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597

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Write a function that swaps the values of two integers, using int* as the argument type?

596

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587

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571

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