Answer / antonio leite

extern states that a variable is referenced in a module but
is declared in another module. This makes the linker not
generate an error/warning when the extern variable is
referenced but wait till the declaration is stated in a
module.
volatile states that the value of a variable can be changed
anywhere in the code. This is used by the optimizer to know
that a piece of code must not be optimized when a volatile
variable is found. For example, when a variable is changed
by a interrupt timer it must be declared volatile. The code
seems to be always true because Timer_xpto seems to be
always > 0. If the code is optimized, the if would simply
disapper from the code, but this is not what the programmer
wants, so declare
extern volatile unsigned long Timer_xpto;
so that the compiler will never optimize the code below.

Timer_xpto = 100;
do something
if (Timer_xpto > 0 )
{
do any other thing
}

Here extern is stating that the variable is declared in
other module and volatile that the code where the
Timer_xpto appears must not be optimized.
See http://www.eetimes.com/discussion/programming-
pointers/4025609/Place-volatile-accurately

Answer / sathya

extern keyword is used to strike the global declaration.
but volatile its indirectly change the values in externally

Answer / mchilakala

Extern keyword specifies that the variable had been
declared globally where as volatile keyword specifies that
there is a chance of changing it's value by external
conditions.
Ex:
if we declare a variable as

"Volatile date=03/08/2011"
then output is 03/08/2011
then after one day the output will change to 04/08/2011.

Answer / anonimos

volatile variables are used on RT Embedded systems to
interface a physical memory mapped/IO mapped cell on the
computer board (volatile pointer).

Example define IO port:
#define PortA (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x3b)
unsigned char inputValue=PortA;

optimization may attempt to perform paging to hard drive of
to cache or even CPU registers so when reading from the
physical location in Mem/IO space the program will actually
read old value that was paged/cached by optimization
algorithm of the computer/board, even after the Input
changed on this Memory/IO cell.

volatile instruct the compiler to prevent optimization by
caching to registers/cache.

Answer / mani

extern variables are stored in CPU ,volatile variables are
temporary.

Answer / deepa

extern is a keyword used to declare variables as global
varible.volatile variables are temporary variable

main() { int i = 10; printf(" %d %d %d ", ++i, i++, ++i); }

0 Answers   Wilco,

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1 Answers   Wipro,

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#include<stdio.h> main() { char *p1; char *p2; p1=(char *) malloc(25); p2=(char *) malloc(25); strcpy(p1,"Ramco"); strcpy(p2,"Systems"); strcat(p1,p2); printf("%s",p1); } Tell me the output?

6 Answers   Ramco,