Answer / niranjan ambati

If you want to explicitly grant access to a function that
isn’t a member of the current class. It allows external
functions to access the private members of a class. You can
declare a global function as a friend, and you can also
declare a member function of another class, or even an
entire class, as a friend.
The compiler ignores the access level (public, private,
protected) where friend functions are declared. Friend
functions are inherently public.
Friend function should be used as minimum as possible, but
it can be used safely in the following way.. by calling the
same class object where friend function exists.. if you
want to interact with other class then call that class
objects in friends function which interacts the private
members of the class.
class NA
{
int i;
public:
CA(int i):i(t){}
friend void fun(NA *);
};
void fun(NA *obj)
{
cout <<obj->i<<endl;
}
void main()
{
NA obj(22);
fun(&obj);
};

Answer / niranjan ambati

If you want to explicitly grant access to a function that
isn’t a member of the current class then friend functions
can be useful. It allows external functions to access the
private members of a class. You can declare a global
function as a friend, and you can also declare a member
function of another class, or even an entire class, as a
friend.
The compiler ignores the access level (public, private,
protected) where friend functions are declared. Friend
functions are inherently public.
Friend function should be used as minimum as possible, but
it can be used safely in the following way.. by calling the
same class object where friend function exists.. if you
want to interact with other class then call that class
objects in friends function which interacts the private
members of the class.
class NA
{
int i;
public:
NA(int i):i(t){}
friend void fun(NA *);
};
void fun(NA *obj)
{
cout <<obj->i<<endl;
}
void main()
{
NA obj(22);
fun(&obj);
};

Write an operator overloading program to write S3+=S2.

2 Answers  

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what is abstract class ? when is used in real time ? give a exp

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