How to Count number of nucleotide substitutions ?

you have a mixture of dNTPs(deoxynucleotide triphosphates)in a sample.how can you separate these all?

IISc,

How can we find the direction of an nucleotide substitution, for example; C to T or T to C?

How is the position of a nucleotide substitution on genome detected? I mean that it is on exon, intron or promoter region?

Question 86 - (a) Male with genotype GGmm and phenotype gray wingless mates with female with genotype ggMM and phenotype black winged in fruit flies. G is dominant to g in color. M is dominant to m in wing shape. If the actual distribution of the second generation of the fruit flies was as follow : 890 gray wingless, 900 black winged, 115 gray winged, 95 black wingless, calculate the recombination frequency betwen the two genes and distance in recombination units. Let 1 map unit = 1 % recombination. (b) A DNA molecule has 180 base pairs and 20 % adenine. How many cytosine nucleotides are present in this molecule of DNA?

GENETIC ENGINEERING - EXAMPLE 27.3 : (a) Male with genotype GGmm and phenotype gray wingless mates with female with genotype ggMM and phenotype black winged in fruit flies. G is dominant to g in color. M is dominant to m in wing shape. If the actual distribution of the second generation of the fruit flies was as follow : 890 gray wingless, 900 black winged, 115 gray winged, 95 black wingless, calculate the recombination frequency between the two genes and distance in recombination units. Let 1 map unit = 1 % recombination. (b) A DNA molecule has 180 base pairs and 20 % adenine. How many cytosine nucleotides are present in this molecule of DNA?

Does rna molecule have two polynucleotide chains likewise dna?

Which are the nucleotides “portions” that bind in the formation of nucleic acids? What is meant by the 5’ and 3’ extremities of nucleic acids?

What are pentoses? To what organic group do pentoses belong? Are nucleotides formed of only one type of pentose?

Are nucleotides formed of only one type of pentose?

Which are the nucleotides “portions” that bind in the formation of nucleic acids?

Concerning the nitrogen-containing bases that participate in nucleotides what is the difference between dna and rna.

How do the two complementary nucleotide chains of the dna facilitate the replication process of the molecule?

According to the watson – crick model how many polynucleotide chains does a dna molecule has?

Is frame shift mutation similar to single-nucleotide polymorphism?