Answer / pankaj saraf

Padding is actually a compiler optimization technique, which
fill up the area between to member to make multiples of 4
bytes (32 bits). Only combination chars/ shorts int/ both ca
e able to create a 32 bytes. Compiler actually will skip to
check the size the variable and fetch the whole 4 bytes in
data fetch operation. this will provide the aligned data to
MP in Single CPU cycle.
There is a Pragma directive, which override the compiler and
results the structure size with equal to size of variables.

Example:

Struct item {
int item;
char type;
};

Sizeof (struct item) = 8 bytes

Struct item {
int item;
char type[2];
short int value;
};
Sizeof (struct item) = 8 bytes

Struct item {
int item;
char type[3];
short int value;
};
Sizeof (struct item) = 12 bytes
one byte padded after "type" and 2 byes padded after value.



Bit-Wise: As far as I remember, it maintains a ARRAY of
int/char/bits equal to the number of elements defined inside
. The bit sets if some data is initialized with some value.
I am not sure on this.

main() { struct s1 { char *str; struct s1 *ptr; }; static struct s1 arr[] = { {"Hyderabad",arr+1}, {"Bangalore",arr+2}, {"Delhi",arr} }; struct s1 *p[3]; int i; < BR> for(i=0;i<=2;i++) p[i] = arr[i].ptr; printf("%s ",(*p)->str); printf("%s ",(++*p)->str); printf("%s ",((*p)++)->str); }

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