Answer / Dhyan Chand

The coagulation cascade is a series of reactions that lead to blood clotting. It involves several proteins (coagulation factors) and activators. Initiation occurs when a damaged vessel exposes collagen, which activates factor XII. This leads to the activation of factor XI, IX, and VIII, eventually leading to the formation of a fibrin clot.

Factors that contribute to bleeding disorders include deficiencies or mutations in coagulation factors (such as hemophilia), disorders affecting platelet function (such as von Willebrand disease), and anticoagulant medications. Factors contributing to thrombotic events include genetic mutations, such as factor V Leiden or prothrombin gene mutation, and lifestyle factors such as smoking or a sedentary lifestyle.

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