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Answer Posted / priya
Anthracnoses, meaning blackenings, are diseases of the
foliage, stems or fruits that typically appear as dark
coloured spots or sunken lessions with a slightly raised
rim. Some cause twig or branch dieback. in fruit
infections, anthracnoses often have a prolonged latent
stage. In some fruit crops, the spots are raised and have
corky surfaces. Anthracnose diseases of fruits often result
in fruit drop and fruit rot.
Anthracnoses (from anthrax= carbon= black) are caused by
fungi that produce conidia within black acervuli (fruiting
bodies). Four ascomycetous fungi, Diplocarpon, Elsinol,
Glomerella and Gnomonia, are responsible for most
anthracnose diseases.
Examples:
1. Diplocarpons, causing black spot of rose (D. rosae} and
leaf scortch of strawberry (D. earliana)
2. Elsinoe, causing anthracnose of grape (E. ampelina),
raspberry (E. veneta) and scrab of citrus (E. australis and
E. fawcettin)
3. Glomerella, causing anthracnose of many annual and
perennial plants, bitter rot of apple, and ripe rot of
grape and other fruits
4. Gnomonia, causing anthracnose of walnut and many forest
and shade trees.
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