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Answer Posted / geetanjali
Biotechnology is technology based on biology, especially
when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine.
United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity defines
biotechnology as:[1]
"Any technological application that uses biological
systems, dead organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or
modify products or processes for specific use."
Biotechnology is often used to refer to genetic engineering
technology of the 21st century, however the term
encompasses a wider range and history of procedures for
modifying biological organisms according to the needs of
humanity, going back to the initial modifications of native
plants into improved food crops through artificial
selection and hybridization. Bioengineering is the science
upon which all biotechnological applications are based.
With the development of new approaches and modern
techniques, traditional biotechnology industries are also
acquiring new horizons enabling them to improve the quality
of their products and increase the productivity of their
systems.
Before 1971, the term, biotechnology, was primarily used
within the agricultural industries. Current uses of the
term generally refer to the technologies associated with
genetic engineering as well as cell- and tissue culture.
A broad definition of biotechnology is "The application of
indigenous and/or scientific knowledge to the management of
(parts of) microorganisms, or of cells and tissues of
higher organisms, so that these supply goods and services
of use to the food industry and its consumers.[2]
In simple words biotechnology is any technological
application which is used to make a change in a cell or in
biological system. Biotechnology draws on the pure
biological sciences (genetics, microbiology,animal cell
culture,molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell
biology) and in many instances is also dependent on
knowledge and methods from outside the sphere of biology
(chemical engineering,bioprocess engineering, information
technology, biorobotics). Conversely, modern biological
sciences (including even concepts such as molecular
ecology) are intimately entwined and dependent on the
methods developed through biotechnology and what is
commonly thought of as the life sciences industry
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