Answer Posted / sunnybanthiya
The kernel is the essential center of a computer operating
system, the core that provides basic services for all other
parts of the operating system. A synonym is nucleus. A
kernel can be contrasted with a shell, the outermost part
of an operating system that interacts with user commands.
Kernel and shell are terms used more frequently in Unix
operating systems than in IBM mainframe or Microsoft
Windows systems.
Typically, a kernel (or any comparable center of an
operating system) includes an interrupt handler that
handles all requests or completed I/O operations that
compete for the kernel's services, a scheduler that
determines which programs share the kernel's processing
time in what order, and a supervisor that actually gives
use of the computer to each process when it is scheduled. A
kernel may also include a manager of the operating system's
address spaces in memory or storage, sharing these among
all components and other users of the kernel's services. A
kernel's services are requested by other parts of the
operating system or by application programs through a
specified set of program interfaces sometimes known as
system calls.
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