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Pollination is the transference of pollen grains from the
anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or of
another flower of the same or sometimes allied species.
Pollination is of two kinds:--
(1) Self Pollination or Autogamy
(2) Cross Pollination or Allogamy
(1) Self Pollination:- Self Pollination is the transference
of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stgme of
the same flower or to another borne by the same plant.
It is of two kinds:-
(a)Homogamy.
(b)Cleistogamy.
(2) Crosspollination:- Crosspollination is the transference
of a pollen grains from one flower to another borne by two
separate plants of the same or allied species. In this two
parents are evolved, a mingling of two sets of characters
takes place resulting in better off spring.
Cross-pollination is brought about by some external
agencies which are as flowers:-
(1) Entomophily:- This is pollination by insects. Insect
loving plants have various adaptations by which they attract
insects, which carries pollen grains and conveys these to
other flower for pollination.
These adaptations are:
(a) Colour
(b) Nectar
(c) Scent
(2) Anemoplily:- Cross pollination in some cases is brought
by wind. Wind loving flowers are small inconspicuous. These
are not even coloured or showy. Pollens are very minute
light and dry e.g. in pine. In this pollens are provided
with wings. Examples of these are maize, rice grasses,
bamboo, sugarcane.
(3) Hydrophily:- In this case pollination is brought by
water. In vallisnaris, Hydrilla etc.. water serves as the
effective medium if pollination.
(4) Zoophily:- Bats, snails squirrels etc. also act as
agents of pollination
Advantages of cross pollination are many:-
(1) It results in healthier off spring which are better
adapted to the struggle for existence
(2) Viable seeds and abundant seed are produced.
(3) New varieties are produced.
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