Question { BARC, 4034 }

what amount of heat energy loss in ESP?

Answer

The direct current (DC) is not available with the modern thermal power plants. Hence considerable electrical equipment is required to convert from ac to dc (60kV dc). This increases the capital cost of the equipment.
The running charges is also high as the amount of power required for charging is considerably high

Question { Bhel, 4826 }

what are the advantages of PID controllers compared with
those of a PLC

Answer

The advantage of PID controller is its feasibility and easy to be implemented. The PID gains can be designed based upon the system parameters if they can be achieved or estimated precisely. Moreover, the PID gain can be designed just based on the system tracking error and treats the system to be "blackbox" if the system parameters are unknown. However, PID controller generally has to balance all three-gains impact to the whole system and may compromise the transient response, such as settling time, overshoots, oscillations. If the system parameters can not be precisely estimated or achieved, the designed PID gains may not resist the uncertainties and disturbances, and thus present low robustness. Even though the PID gains can be well-designed, the PID controller still has low robust ability compared with the robust controller when the system encounters to multiple challenges from the operating environment of the system, such as temperature, weather, power surge, and so on.

Question { Bhel, 4826 }

what are the advantages of PID controllers compared with
those of a PLC

Answer

Generally, PID control algorithms, using in PLC controllers withmany anolog inputs and outputs, enable control of many control loops. It is a great advantage. In my opinion the only disadvantage it is usually related to the tuning methodology. It is connected with the brand of the PLC and its type e.g. nano, micro etc. Sometimes an autotuning procedure doesn't exist e.g. VersaMax Micro from GE and then sometimes a manual tuning process is difficult.