Answer Posted / gulshan kumar
Sphygmanometer:-It is an apparatus for measuring the blood pressure. By blood pressure is meant the pressure of the blood in arteries and specifically large artery of the arm.
The pressure obtaining during contraction of the heart is known as the ‘Systolic pressure’. The pressure occurring during relaxation is called ‘diastolic’. In a normal person the average Systolic pressure is equal to 220 mm, column of mercury and the average diasol pressure is that due to 80mm, of mercury. The sphygmomanometer consists of a U-tube manometer containing mercury. A hollow, air-tight rubber cuff is wrapped around the upper arm of the patient. Two rubber tubes communicate with the interior of the cuff. One of the tubes ends in a hollow rubber bulb and the other is connected to the monometer. A millimeter scale is fixed vertically alongside the limbs of the manometer. To measure blood pressure, the cuff is inflated till the pulse at the wrist just disappears. Next air pressure in the cuff is decreased. Blood now runs through the artery and a rustling sound is heated in the stethoscope. The reading of the top mercury columns gives the ‘systolic’ pressure. The pressure in the cuff is now released further when ultimately the sound of blood rushing through the artery disappears. The reading of the column of mercury at this time gives the ‘ diastolic’ pressure. These readings show whether the patient is suffering from high blood pressure(hypertension) or low blood pressure i.e. hypotension
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