What are infectious diseases ? Describe some preventive measures.
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Answer Posted / ravindra kumar singh
Diseases like tuberculosis, influenza, small-pox, cholera, typhoid which are caused by the entry if germs into out body are known as infectious or communicable diseases. The germs that cause these diseases pass form one man to another in various ways. People suffering form pneumonia, cold, influenza in various ways, spit out in to the atmosphere numerous bacteria of these diseases. Such bacteria may be inhaled by other persons through the air they breathe in. A typhoid or cholera patient discharges with his excreta millions of typhoid or cholera germs. If the clothes of these patients are wash in tanks, the germs of these diseases get mixed with water, who would drink this contaminated water. Files play a very important part in the spread of diseases. Thus the disease-germs spread through air, food and water, or by direct contact
Diseases can, thus, be prevented by destroying these disease carrying germs. Nature has it self provided with germ-killing agents. They are sunlight and dry air. Heat is employed to kill germs. The clothes, bedding etc. of a sick man can be disinfected by boiling then in water. Cups, spoons and other vessels used by a sick person can also be made free from germs by heating these directly or by boiling then in water. The room of the patient should be washed with any of the popular disinfectants available in the market. Cholera germs can be destroyed by potassium permanganate. Files which are carriers of disease germs should also be destroyed. Similarly rats which cause plague should be killed, Breeding places of vaccination should be carried out to prevent small-pox . These should be used on a mass-scale whenever there is the danger of an epidemic. These vaccines make the human body immume for various kinds of diseased.
Local bodies play a very important role in the prevention of diseased. Even if an individual eats the right kind of food, breathes pure and fresh air, observes personal cleanliness and keep his house and surroundings clean, he may yet fall ill by association with others in his neighbourhood, who may not be as clean as he should be. It is the responsibility of the local body to see that the streets, public parks, schools, public halls and other places where people congregate are kept clean. Open drains should be cleaned everyday, wells should be disinfected, dustbins are away from residential buildings municipality should be clean and not contaminated. Adulterated foodstuffs should not be allowed to be sold and sweets and cut-fruit should be properly protected againg flies and other germs-carrying insects
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