Answer Posted / snigdhadeb

REFERENCE:-
#include<iostream.h>

int main()
{
int a=3;
/*A reference variable must be initialized at the time
of it's declaration*/

int &ra=a;
int y=6;
/*int &ry;
ry=y; // not allowed */

int &ry=y;
/* It should be noted that a reference variable dose not
creat a copy so it dose not takes any additional memory
space. Thus memory space is conserved*/

/* It has notational clearness*/

int z=ra * ry;
/* To access the value of a variable thought it's
reference no additional symbol is required, i.e.
dereference is not required*/

return 0;
}

POINTER:-

include<iostream.h>

int main()
{
int a=3;
/* A pointer variable may be declared without
initialization*/

int *pt;
/* A pointer variable may be intialized later on*/

pa=&a;
/* Also a pointer variable may be intialized at the time
of int's declaration*/

int b=5;
int *pb=&b;
/* It is also observed that each pointer variable
required it's own storage, so memory is not conserved*/

/* it's dose not have notational clearness*/

int c=*pa * *pb;
/* Access the value of a variable through it's pointer
requires value at (*) symbol, i.e. dereference is required*/

return 0;
}

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write a program that reads in a file and counts the number of lines, words, and characters. Your program should ask the user to input a filename. Open the file and report an error if the file does not exist or cannot be opened for some other reason. Then read in the contents of the file and count the number of lines, words, and characters in the file. Also print additional information about the file, such as the longest and shortest words, and longest and shortest lines. For simplicity, we define a word to be one or more characters ending with white space (a space, tab, carriage return, etc.). Functions for checking the types of characters can be found in the ctype.h header file, so you want to include this header file in your program. For example, the sentence below could be all that is in a file. This sentence IT 104 is taught in C++. has 32 characters, one line, and six words. The shortest line is 32 characters. The longest line is 32 characters. The shortest word is 2 characters. The longest word is 6 characters

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