Answer Posted / vidya

The only reason we distinguish between hot (phase) and neutral conductors is that the neutral is locally connected to the ground (by way of a ground rod or metal underground cold water pipe). The electrical current always travels in a closed loop and both conductors are part of the loop (or circuit). If a person should touch the neutral conductor there is less chance of getting shocked, both he and the neutral are at ground potential so no difference of voltage exists. Color coding of conductors & Polarized plugs help keep the less dangerous neutral line identified. For example when changing a screw-in light bulb in a lamp fixture, touching the metal base of the bulb will not give one a shock if the lamp is properly wired with the neutral conductor going to the screw shell.

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