what is the difference between simple distillation and
differential distillation
Answer Posted / ravi
SIMPLE (DIFFERENTIAL) DISTILLATION
We will consider a binary mixture of A (more volatile) and
B (less volatile). The system consist of a batch of liquid
(fixed quantity) inside a kettle (or still) fitted with
heating element or steam jacket, and a condenser to
condense the vapour produced. The condensed vapour is known
as the distillate. The distillate is collected in a
condensate receiver. The liquid remaining in the still is
known as the residual.
The concentration changes can be analysed using the phase
diagram, and detailed mathematical calculations carried out
using the Rayleigh Equation.
The separation can be extended to several more stages by re-
heating the distillate collected, and collecting the new
distillate, as shown in the Figure.
The distillate product from the second stage will be purer
in A compared to the first stage, but the quantity of
distillate collected in the second stage is lower than that
of the first stage. As more stages are added, purer
distillate product can be obtained, but the quantity
collected will be lower than the previous stage.
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