Answer Posted / hemant patel
"emf' is the potential difference across a source of
electricity when there is no current through the source,
i.e when the circuit is not closed.
It is the maximum potential difference across the source.
When the circuit is closed there is current inside the
source and hence there is a drop of potential across the
internal resistance of the source. Hence the potential
difference across the terminals of the source will be less
than the potential difference when there is no current.
The maxium potential difference is called emf of the source.
Voltage is the other word used for potential difference
across any two points.
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