Answer Posted / geevidhyadhar

HI

Validation is a little trick ( rather a technique ) which
acts like a watchdog and ensures that incorrect data does
not get posted while posting a transaction. A validation is
a procedure which is on the look out for incorrect data; if
incorrect data is entered by the end-user during document
posting, the validation spews out an error message and
cautions the end-user. The severity of the message can be
mild which only warns but lets the end-user post the
document. On the other hand, a validation can be configured
to throw a serious error message and prevent incorrect posting.

A Validation is given a name and is assigned to a company
code. A validation may checks data
at document header level only (called as callup point 1) or
at line item level ( called as callup point 2) or
at the full document level ( call up point 3).

A given validation uses one of the above call up points.

A validation , at the minimum, contains three steps:

Step 1: a pre-requisite ( validation will happen if the
pre-requisite is met). If the pre-requisite is not met by
the document under posting, the system ignores the
validation technique and posts the document.

Step 2: If the pre-requisite is met a check is made for
compliance of an extra condition (over and above the
pre-requisite). If the condition is also complied with by
the document, then posting happens.

Step 3: On the other hand, if the check activity is not
complied with, then the system smells a rat and throws an
appropriate error/warning message ( depending on the
severity of error as configured by you ).

Let me give you an example of validation from daily life:

Pre Requisite: If You want to Go outside

Check : It is raining outside and you do not carry an umbrella

Your Mom delivers a Message:"Take an umbrella while going as
it is raining outside"

Let us test this procedure:

1. If you do not want to go outside, then the check as well
as the message are not required. Therefore validation does
not happen

2. If you want to go outside but it is not raining outside,
You do not need a warning message. Validation does not happen

3. If you want to go outside and it is raining outside and
you have an umbrella, then you do not need any warning
message. Therefore validation does not happen

4. If you want to go outside and it is raining outside and
you DO NOT HAVE AN UMBRELLA, then you are warned to take an
umbrella. Your Mom delivers a message "Take an Umbrella
while going outside since it is raining "

This is validation.

Substitution is also similar. There is no message. Instead
of your mom delivering a message, she thrusts an umbrella
into your hand. That is substitution.

This is what happens during document posting:

Your validation contains a pre-requisite, Check and Message.
Your substitution contains a check and substitution.

Got it now?

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