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Bacteria may be classified into following groups:-
Bacilli:-Example are bacillus tuberculosis, B. typhi. These
are rod shaped bacteria
Spirilla:-These bacteria have spirally coiled body e.g.
Spirillium, Spirochaete etc..
Cocci:- These bacteria are spherical e.g. Azotobacter,
Strepjtococcus, Staphylococcus
Importance of Bacteria:-Some of the bacteria are very useful
to mankind while their harmful effects are not also less
Harmful effects:- bacterial are parasites which attack
living plants, animal and even human beings and cause
various diseases. Some of the disease producing bacteria are
as follows:-
(a)Bacillus typhi:-Causing typhoid
(b)B.tetani:-Causing of tetani
(c)B.diptheriae:-Causing diphtheria
(d)B.dysenteriae:-Causing dysentery
(e)Vibrio cholerae:-Causing cholera
The bacteria also cause diseases inn plants by attacking
them. Various disease or plants are black root of cabbage,
canker of citrus. Ring disease of potato wilt of cumumber
and melon, blight disease of pear and apple. Some varieties
of bacteria are responsible for decay of cooked food,
vegetables, meat , milk and fruits
Beneficial effects:-Large number of bacteria are useful in
one or other way in industries and agriculture
Industry:-Bacteria are useful in fermentation of leaves,
curing and ripening o tobacco, ripening of cheese, formation
of vinegar from alcohol, curding or milk, conversion of hide
into leather, retting of fibres etc..
Agriculture:-:-Becteria help in decay of Organic compounds.
These act on dead bodies of plants and animals and converts
various organic compounds into simple farms e.g. nitrates,
sulphates, etc which are useful for green plants
Protein contained in the dead bodies of animals are acted
only by certain bacteria which converts these proteins into
nitrates which are absorbed by green plants
Azotobector and Clostridium:-Help in fixing the free
nitrogen of air and fertility of soil as also increased by
action of soil bacteria which brings about conversion of
insoluble material onto soluble forms which are absorbed by
green plants
Medical:-Some of bacteria have formed their permanent abode
in different parts of human body as in mouth, respiratory
track, intestine etc. and guard these passages against
attack of certain disease producing germs
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